Patina

Dornieden, Thomas; Gorbushina, Anna A.; Krumbein, Wolfgang E.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-4239-1_8

Cited by 14 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…This could identify the Tiber's embankments as an intermediate habitat. In order to define the biodegradative role of the black patina, it must be underlined that MCF are able to penetrate rock substrates mechanically, producing lesions known as pitting [93,[95][96][97]. This action, linked to the forces exerted by growing hyphae, is made possible by the rigidity of the cell wall and by the turgor of the cells.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of black patina from the Tiber River embankments using Next-Generation Sequencing

et al. 2020

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Black patinas are very common biological deterioration phenomena on lapideous artworks in outdoor environments. These substrates, exposed to sunlight, and atmospheric and environmental agents (i.e. wind and temperature changes), represent extreme environments that can only be colonized by highly versatile and adaptable microorganisms. Black patinas comprise a wide variety of microorganisms, but the morphological plasticity of most of these microorganisms hinders their identification by optical microscopy. This study used Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) (including shotgun and amplicon sequencing) to characterize the black patina of the travertine embankments (muraglioni) of the Tiber River in Rome (Italy). Overall, the sequencing highlighted the rich diversity of bacterial and fungal communities and allowed the identification of more than one hundred taxa. NGS confirmed the relevance of coccoid and filamentous cyanobacteria observed by optical microscopy and revealed an informative landscape of the fungal community underlining the presence of microcolonial fungi and phylloplane yeasts. For the first time high-throughput sequencing allowed the exploration of the expansive diversity of bacteria in black patina, which has so far been overlooked in routine analyses. Furthermore, the identification of euendolithic microorganisms and weathering agents underlines the biodegradative role of black patina, which has often been underestimated. Therefore, the use of NGS to characterize black patinas could be useful in choosing appropriate conservation treatments and in the monitoring of stone colonization after the restoration interventions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of black patina from the Tiber River embankments using Next-Generation Sequencing

et al. 2020

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“…Furthermore, sulphuric acid from acid rain also reacts with limestone promoting the formation of gypsum and leading to the formation of a crust on its surface. Thus, once exposed to the particles suspended in the atmosphere, these scabs promote the adhesion of particulate materials leading to the formation of black crusts [57]. Because of these chain reactions, black crusts are enriched as particulate matter from air pollution by providing the resources and ideal conditions for new microbial colonization [58].…”

Section: Effect Of Environmental Factors On Rock-inhabiting Fungal Comentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Environmental Factors on Rock-inhabiting Fungal Communities from Brazilian Soapstone Sampleshttp://www.davidpublisher.org/index.php/Home/Article/index?id=31207.html

Boniek¹,

Oliveira²,

Ribeiro³

et al. 2017

JESE-B

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Abstract:The present study aims to evaluate the environmental effect on fungal community composition associated with biodeterioration occurring in stones (soapstone) at two distinct locations in Minas Gerais State, Brazil: Congonhas city and Sanctuary of Caraça. Four collections of fungal communities over one year were obtained from both research sites from the soapstone block surfaces exposed for over two decades. The molecular diversity profile of the fungal community at the two localities was obtained by DGGE (Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis), and the genomes of the most representative population were sequenced. DGGE showed the formation of two clusters with filamentous fungal communities. Sequencing of the most representative bands revealed the presence of fungi associated with the biodeterioration of soapstone. In addition, many of the identified species were associated with photobionts that could generate lichens, indicating that environmental characteristics affect the occurrence of filamentous fungi, which leads to biodeterioration of stones. Authors' study focused on an environmental variation of an extreme habitat for fungi associated with soapstone in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil and identified the presence of interesting rock-inhabiting fungal communities including species related to lichens, which can accelerate the deterioration of stones by the production of organic acids.

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“…Stone cultural relics exposed to outdoor conditions are more susceptible to environmental impacts and corrosion will be more serious [1] . In recent years, especially since the industrial revolution, with the rapid development of productivity and the intensification of human activities, air pollution has caused great damage to cultural relics [2–4] . The destruction of cultural relics caused by air pollution in the past 100 years is much more serious than the environmental damage to cultural relics in the past few thousand years.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Complexation between Siloxane Species and Methylsiloxane: Electronic Structure, Thermodynamic, and Interaction Characteristics

Niu

2022

ChemistrySelect

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The interaction between organosiloxane materials and siloxane species has attracted extensive attention in the protection of cultural relics due to their bonding characteristics. In this context, detailed studies of the complexation between siloxane species and methylsiloxane were explored using various computational methods. The complex molecular structures and their electronic excitation characteristics were predicted. The strong covalent interactions of Si−O bond between siloxane and methylsiloxane are checked by topological analysis of electron density and obvious charge transfer. Thermodynamic results show that these types of complexes are considerable stability. The energy barrier of oxygen molecules to pass through the pores between methylsiloxane and silica close to 19 eV, indicating that this type of coating does not peel off easily. Moreover, IR and UV‐vis spectrum were predicted. The microscopic mechanism will give theoretical direction for theoretical guidance for practical applications of the coating in the protection of stone artifacts.

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Patina

Cited by 14 publications

References 9 publications

Characterization of black patina from the Tiber River embankments using Next-Generation Sequencing

Characterization of black patina from the Tiber River embankments using Next-Generation Sequencing

Effect of Environmental Factors on Rock-inhabiting Fungal Communities from Brazilian Soapstone Sampleshttp://www.davidpublisher.org/index.php/Home/Article/index?id=31207.html

The Complexation between Siloxane Species and Methylsiloxane: Electronic Structure, Thermodynamic, and Interaction Characteristics

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