Patients with low muscle mass have characteristic microbiome with low potential for amino acid synthesis in chronic liver disease

Yamamoto, Keizô; Ishizu, Yoji; Honda, Takashi; Ito, Takanori; Imai, Norihiro; Nakamura, Masanao; Kitaura, Yasuyuki; Ishigami, Masatoshi; Fujishiro, Mitsuhiro

doi:10.1038/s41598-022-07810-3

Cited by 13 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…In the last 2 years, several observational studies have demonstrated relevant associations between gut microbial parameters and presence of sarcopenia or alterations of muscle function [14 ▪▪ ,15 ▪▪ ,16–22]. They are summarized in Table 1.…”

Section: The Gut Microbiota and Trajectories Of Ageingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They are summarized in Table 1. These studies were conducted in community-dweller female individuals at risk of osteoporosis [14 ▪▪ ], patients with age-related primary sarcopenia [15 ▪▪ ,16], subjects with anorexia of ageing [17], patients with sarcopenia related to cirrhosis [18–20] and end-stage renal disease [21,22]. The majority of these studies highlighted the importance of SCFAs, and particularly butyrate, as mediators of the gut–muscle axis [14 ▪▪ ,15 ▪▪ ].…”

Section: The Gut Microbiota and Trajectories Of Ageingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Age-related changes of gut microbiome can be pathophysiologically involved in physical frailty and sarcopenia through multiple mechanisms, suggested by studies conducted in mouse models of muscle wasting [12], and comprehensively reviewed elsewhere [2 ,16], subjects with anorexia of ageing [17], patients with sarcopenia related to cirrhosis [18][19][20] and end-stage renal disease [21,22]. The majority of these studies highlighted the importance of SCFAs, and particularly butyrate, as mediators of the gut-muscle axis [ ].…”

Section: Physical Frailty and Sarcopeniamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Intestinal microbiome in normal ageing, frailty and cognition decline

Strasser

Ticinesi

2022

Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition &Amp; Metabolic Care

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Purpose of reviewThe intestinal microbiome modulates the risk of several age-related chronic diseases and syndromes, including frailty and neurodegenerative diseases. Herein we provided an update on the influence of gut microbiota on physical and cognitive performance in older age and suggest microbiota-targeted interventions for healthy ageing. Recent findingsLow uniqueness index of the gut microbiome and high representation of Bacteroides are independently associated with mortality in older individuals, while the centenarian microbiome is characterized by high abundance of Lactobacilli and Bifidobacteria. Frailty syndrome, sarcopenia and cognitive decline are associated with reduced faecal microbiota biodiversity, reduced abundance of bacteria able to synthetize short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), including Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, and reduced faecal butyrate levels. Dietary intervention, especially involving Mediterranean diet, and exercise training seem to be associated with improved biodiversity of the microbiota, increased capacity of SCFA synthesis and, probably, protection against the onset of frailty and cognitive decline.

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Section: The Gut Microbiota and Trajectories Of Ageingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Gut Microbiota and Trajectories Of Ageingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Physical Frailty and Sarcopeniamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Intestinal microbiome in normal ageing, frailty and cognition decline

Strasser

Ticinesi

2022

Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition &Amp; Metabolic Care

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“…The human gut microbiota produces a variety of compounds, including branched-chain amino acids, whose circulation levels are linked to the risk of IR and DM[ 73 ]. The gut microbiome of CLD patients with sarcopenia was found to be pro-diabetogenic in a recent study, with a high abundance of gram-negative bacteria containing LPS on the one hand and a low Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio on the other[ 74 ]. Therefore, gut dysbiosis could play an important role in the pathogenesis of HD in advanced LC.…”

Section: Pathophysiology Of Hdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatogenous diabetes: Knowledge, evidence, and skepticism

Kumar¹,

García-Compeán²,

Maji³

2022

WJH

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The diabetogenic potential of liver cirrhosis (LC) has been known for a long time, and the name "hepatogenous diabetes" (HD) was coined in 1906 to define the condition. Diabetes mellitus (DM) that develops as a consequence of LC is referred to as HD. In patients with LC, the prevalence rates of HD have been reported to vary from 21% to 57%. The pathophysiological basis of HD seems to involve insulin resistance (IR) and pancreatic β-cell dysfunction. The neurohormonal changes, endotoxemia, and chronic inflammation of LC initially create IR; however, the toxic effects eventually lead to β-cell dysfunction, which marks the transition from impaired glucose tolerance to HD. In addition, a number of factors, including sarcopenia, sarcopenic obesity, gut dysbiosis, and hyperammonemia, have recently been linked to impaired glucose metabolism in LC. DM is associated with complications and poor outcomes in patients with LC, although the individual impact of each type 2 DM and HD is unknown due to a lack of categorization of diabetes in most published research. In fact, there is much skepticism within scientific organizations over the recognition of HD as a separate disease and a consequence of LC. Currently, T2DM and HD are being treated in a similar manner although no standardized guidelines are available. The different pathophysiological basis of HD may have an impact on treatment options. This review article discusses the existence of HD as a distinct entity with high prevalence rates, a strong pathophysiological basis, clinical and therapeutic implications, as well as widespread skepticism and knowledge gaps.

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“…89 A recent study demonstrated that the gut microbiome of CLD patients with sarcopenia was prodiabetogenic, with a high abundance of gram-negative bacteria and a low Firmicutes/ Bacteroidetes ratio. 90 As a result, gut dysbiosis could play a role in sarcopenia and diabetes in LC patients.…”

Section: Gut Dysbiosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Sarcopenia in Chronic Liver Disease: A Metabolic Perspective

Kumar¹,

Prakash²,

Priyadarshi³

et al. 2022

J Clin Transl Hepatol

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Sarcopenia, a condition of low muscle mass, quality, and strength, is commonly found in patients with chronic liver disease (CLD) and is associated with adverse clinical outcomes including reduction in quality of life, increased mortality, and complications. A major contributor to sarcopenia in CLD is the imbalance in muscle protein turnover wherein changes in various metabolic factors such as hyperammonemia, amino acid deprivation, hormonal imbalance, gut dysbiosis, insulin resistance, chronic inflammation, etc. have important roles. In particular, hyperammonemia is a key mediator of the liver-gut axis and is known to contribute to sarcopenia by various mechanisms including increased expression of myostatin, increased phosphorylation of eukaryotic initiation factor 2a, cataplerosis of α-ketoglutarate, mitochondrial dysfunction, increased reactive oxygen species that decrease protein synthesis and increased autophagymediated proteolysis. Skeletal muscle is a major organ of insulin-induced glucose metabolism, and sarcopenia is closely linked to insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome. Patients with liver cirrhosis are in a hypermetabolic state that is associated with catabolism and depletion of amino acids, particularly branched-chain amino acids. Sarcopenia can have significant implications for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, the most common form of CLD worldwide, because of the close link between metabolic syndrome and sarcopenia. This review discusses the potential metabolic derangement as a cause or effect of sarcopenia in CLD, as well as interorgan crosstalk, which that might help identifying a novel therapeutic strategies.

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Patients with low muscle mass have characteristic microbiome with low potential for amino acid synthesis in chronic liver disease

Cited by 13 publications

References 45 publications

Intestinal microbiome in normal ageing, frailty and cognition decline

Intestinal microbiome in normal ageing, frailty and cognition decline

Hepatogenous diabetes: Knowledge, evidence, and skepticism

Sarcopenia in Chronic Liver Disease: A Metabolic Perspective

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