Patients with chronic pain: evaluating depression and their quality of life in a single center study in Greece

Abstract

BackgroundChronic pain constitutes one of the most common reasons for seeking health care services and may even lead to disability. Chronic pain has been associated with depression and deterioration of the quality of life. The aim of our study is to outline the burden of chronic pain in the context of a primary health care (PHC) setting in Greece and to investigate its association with depression and quality of life.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted from September 2016 to November 2016. The subjects of the study comprised 200 individuals who visited the regional medical center of Ag. Theodoroi, Greece. The collected data were from a representative sample of 200 adults and included demographic data, social and medical history, presence and characteristics of chronic pain and questions from three questionnaires for the assessment of pain (BPI- short form), the investigation of depression (PHQ-9) and the evaluation of the quality of life (EuroQ-5D) validated in Greek language. Multiple regression analysis was used in order to find associated factors with quality of life, depression and chronic pain.ResultsA percentage of 56.8% of the participants, the majority of whom (62%) were women, reported chronic pain. Among individuals with pain, lower back area was the most common location. Based on the given questionnaire, depression was detected in 22. 5% of the participants who claimed chronic pain. Regression analyses revealed that women and respondents with chronic mental disorders like depression and anxiety had significantly higher scores on the pain scale and suffered pain which had a greater impact on their daily activities. According to regression analysis decreased quality of life was expressed by women, as well as participants with a chronic mental disorder. A significant reverse correlation emerged between the quality of life, depression and pain scales.ConclusionChronic pain, as it has been studied within this PHC setting, is a common health care problem. Individuals who had experienced chronic pain and depression had a lower health-related quality of life.

Chronic Pain Diagnosis Using Machine Learning, Questionnaires, and QST: A Sensitivity Experiment

“…Following the same analyses, the algorithm learned that subjects with depression (high BDI values) had a higher chance of belonging to the chronic pain group than participants without depression. This feature seems to be supported by previous literature on chronic pain, where several studies have linked chronic pain to depression [ 69 , 70 , 71 , 72 , 73 ]. A similar interpretation could be observed on anxiety (STAI variables), with high values of anxiety being related to chronic pain conditions [ 88 , 89 ].…”

“…The BDI and STAI are two questionnaires associated with depression and anxiety, respectively. These are disorders commonly correlated with chronic pain conditions [ 69 , 70 , 71 , 72 , 73 ]. The QST measures and body location included: pressure thresholds (index finger and wrist), heat threshold (index finger), and cold threshold (index finger, wrist, and elbow).…”

Different aspects of opioid use in rheumatoid arthritis patients

“…A high proportion of patients who take antidepressants and opioids concurrently corresponds to the data indicating that depression occurs in 22.5% of patients with chronic pain 30 , while in RA patients depressive symptoms were observed in 12-55% of respondents, depending on the kind of questionnaire used and its level of detail 31 . Moreover, it was determined that in the group of patients with mainly moderate or high RA activity measured with DAS23, a depressive episode in the course of recurrent depression is an important factor in the persistence of pain, and tailored antidepressant treatment leads to a lasting reduction in pain intensity 32 .…”

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