Patients' expectations of the role of the community pharmacist: Development and testing of a conceptual model

Sabater-Galindo, Marta; Maya, Salvador Ruíz de; Benrimoj, Shalom I.; Gastelurrutia, Miguel Ángel; Martínez-Mart́inez, Fernando; Sabater‐Hernández, Daniel

doi:10.1016/j.sapharm.2016.04.001

Cited by 28 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Therefore, those services focused on patient education would be the most influential on 'PPI' . This is consistent with other studies, in which pharmacists providing services were more likely to fulfil patients' expectations (Kassam, Collins, & Berkowitz, 2010;Sabater-Galindo et al, 2016). Thus, this conceptual model might be used to assess how different services impact on PPI through patients' HBs.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Modelling elderly patients’ perception of the community pharmacist image when providing professional services

Sabater-Galindo

Sabater‐Hernández

Maya

et al. 2016

Psychology, Health & Medicine

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Professional pharmaceutical services may impact on patient's health behaviour as well as influence on patients' perceptions of the pharmacist image. The Health Belief Model predicts health-related behaviours using patients' beliefs. However, health beliefs (HBs) could transcend beyond predicting health behaviour and may have an impact on the patients' perceptions of the pharmacist image. This study objective was to develop and test a model that relates patients' HBs to patient's perception of the image of the pharmacist, and to assess if the provision of pharmacy services (Intervention group-IG) influences this perception compared to usual care (Control group). A qualitative study was undertaken and a questionnaire was created for the development of the model. The content, dimensions, validity and reliability of the questionnaire were pre-tested qualitatively and in a pilot mail survey. The reliability and validity of the proposed model were tested using Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA). Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) was used to explain relationships between dimensions of the final model and to analyse differences between groups. As a result, a final model was developed. CFA concluded that the model was valid and reliable (Goodness of Fit indices: x²(80) = 125.726, p = .001, RMSEA = .04, SRMR = .04, GFI = .997, NFI = .93, CFI = .974). SEM indicated that 'Perceived benefits' were significantly associated with 'Perceived Pharmacist Image' in the whole sample. Differences were found in the IG with also 'Self-efficacy' significantly influencing 'Perceived pharmacist image'. A model of patients' HBs related to their image of the pharmacist was developed and tested. When pharmacists deliver professional services, these services modify some patients' HBs that in turn influence public perception of the pharmacist.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Modelling elderly patients’ perception of the community pharmacist image when providing professional services

Sabater-Galindo

Sabater‐Hernández

Maya

et al. 2016

Psychology, Health & Medicine

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“…The questions used were adopted from similar studies done at different Middle Eastern and European countries 1,8,9,11-15,19…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Same applies for the level of expectation index (score between 0 and 11), barriers for asking questions (score between 0 and 7), the patient’s pharmacy experience (score between 0 and 9) and the reason for visiting the pharmacy (score between 0 and 12) (see attached questionnaire). The questionnaire was adopted from similar studies done at different Middle Eastern and European countries and tailored according to the conceptual model dimensions perceptions, expectations and reactions 1,8,9,11-15,19,26…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The role of community pharmacist has expanded over the last three decades beyond dispensing medications towards enhancements of patient-centered care and pharmacist-patient interaction 1,2. Through direct patient contact, pharmacists play an integral role in optimizing patient’s health-related quality of life and achieving positive clinical outcomes all within limited cost 3…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Community pharmacy in Lebanon: A societal perspective

Iskandar

Hallit

Raad

et al. 2017

Pharm Pract (Granada)

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Objective:To assess patients’ attitudes towards the community pharmacist’s role and determine their negative and positive reactions towards community pharmacists in Lebanon.Methods:A cross-sectional study, conducted between January and April 2016, was designed to assess the general public satisfaction with the services provided by the community pharmacies. It was carried out, using a proportionate random sampling of Lebanese community pharmacies from each district. Two sided statistical tests were used to compare between group percentages, Wilcoxon test for quantitative variables with non-homogeneous variances or non-normal distribution, and Student’s t-test for quantitative variables of normal distribution and homogeneous variances. The ANOVA test was used to compare between three groups or more, and Pearson correlation coefficient were used to correlate between quantitative variables.Results:a total of 565 participants completely answered the survey questions with a response rate of 94%. The bivariate analysis showed that the patient perception index was positively and significantly correlated with the patient level of expectation index, the overall pharmacy experience and the patient’s reason for visiting the pharmacy (p<0.001 for all 3 variables) but was negatively correlated with the barriers for asking questions significantly (p=0.032). On the other hand, this perception index was significantly and positively associated with the number of pharmacy visits, the age categories, the level of education and the family monthly income (p<0.05 for all variables).Conclusion:Public perception and attitude toward community pharmacist in Lebanon is poor despite highly qualified pharmacists. Aspects of pharmacy services most relevant to patients were respect, empathy, a friendly staff, listening carefully, giving quality time, responding quickly to their needs and respecting their privacy. The ministry of Health in Lebanon, along with the Lebanese Order of Pharmacists should educate the pharmacist about working on the different issues patients are complaining about in order to play a more important role in the society and become the number one trusted health care professional.

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“…Despite that, previous studies have revealed that counselling provided by community pharmacists is suboptimal . Counselling by community pharmacists is a complex process influenced by many factors such as the pharmacy users’ expectations of their pharmacy visits and perception of the professional role of the community pharmacist, types of questions pharmacist asks, the pharmacy users’ awareness of the need for questioning and willingness to answer questions and the discrepancies between pharmacy staff and users in their perception of illness and medicine . Throughout this paper, we will use the term pharmacy or community pharmacy ‘users’.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Applying a best-worst scaling methodology to prioritise important attributes of counselling from community pharmacy users’ perspective, Saudi Arabia

Al-Aqeel

Hiligsmann

2018

J Pharm Health Serv Res

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Objectives This study aimed to identify community pharmacy users’ relevant counselling attributes and to quantify their relative importance. Methods A total of 22 attributes related to counselling in community pharmacy were identified from a literature review, interviews with local pharmacy users and validation among academic experts. To prioritise the attributes, a best–worst scaling (BWS) object case survey was used. Each respondent was asked to complete 17 choice tasks. In each choice task, the participants were asked to choose the most and least important attributes of counselling from a list of four items. The study was conducted in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Key findings A 120 participants completed the questionnaire. The three most important attributes were the quality of information provided during consultation, the extent and depth of the consultation and the pharmacist's education and experience. The three least important attribute were type of pharmacy (independent versus chain pharmacy) and pharmacist's gender or nationality. Conclusions Our study suggests that community pharmacy users place the most emphasis on the content of counselling and community pharmacists’ experience and communication skills.

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Patients' expectations of the role of the community pharmacist: Development and testing of a conceptual model

Cited by 28 publications

References 31 publications

Modelling elderly patients’ perception of the community pharmacist image when providing professional services

Modelling elderly patients’ perception of the community pharmacist image when providing professional services

Community pharmacy in Lebanon: A societal perspective

Applying a best-worst scaling methodology to prioritise important attributes of counselling from community pharmacy users’ perspective, Saudi Arabia

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