Patient/service user involvement in medical education: A best evidence medical education (BEME) systematic review: BEME Guide No. 58

Abstract

Background: The extent to which patients and service users are involved in medical education varies widely. There is a need for an up to date systematic review of the literature that examines what involvement (description), the potential outcome of such involvement (justification) and 'why' such involvement impacts students (clarification). Methods: Systematic searches of four databases was undertaken. Citations were screened and consensus reached for inclusion / exclusion of studies. Quality of study design and interventional presentation were assessed. Synthesis was planned at three levels-descriptive, meta-analysis and meta-ethnography, where sufficient data was available. Results: A total of 11,140 articles were initially identified, with 39 included in the review. Using the Towle Taxonomy for patient involvement in medical education we identified 4 studies that were encounter based, 17 with patients sharing their personal experiences with students, 16 with patients involved in teaching and/or evaluating students, 2 studies describing consumers as tutors and none with involvement at the institutional level. The majority (29) of studies employed outcomes at level 1 or level 2 of Kirkpatrick's hierarchy (learner reactions and modification of attitudes or skills). Outcomes in terms of benefits to learners included increased empathy and understanding of illness as experienced by patients, improved communication with patients and a greater understanding of patient-centre care. Educational quality assessment showed specific weaknesses in theoretical underpinning, curriculum outcomes, content or pedagogy. Conclusions: Patients can offer learning opportunities that are at least as effective as faculty trainers in imparting practical clinical skills and can enrich medical education by allowing learners to explore patient

WITHDRAWN: Exploring the Ethical Constructs of Dental Patients to Guide Dental Ethics Teaching

“…Dental patient's participation can improve ethics teaching; simulated patient and patient videotaped input into ethics teaching has been used for dental ethics teaching (20). Dental teachers can seek quality feedback about student behaviour from patients to improve professionalism (22). Dental ethics education has several shortcomings and new ethics-related interventions should be added.…”

Role of active patient involvement in undergraduate medical education: a systematic review

“…2 17 20 A recent systematic review provided a comprehensive overview of the involvement, outcome and reason behind involvement mainly from learner's perspective. 19 Our paper reviews and summarises the most recent literature using a broad definition of patient involvement consisting of any form of involvement that is beyond merely incidental passive involvement, in any field or setting of undergraduate medical education. By adopting this definition we are able to extend the scope and amount of research data in order to increase the practical knowledge base on active patient involvement and in order to give ground to an improved theoretical framework and common terminology.…”

“… 2 17 20 A recent systematic review provided a comprehensive overview of the involvement, outcome and reason behind involvement mainly from learner’s perspective. 19 …”

Focus on patients in medical education

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