Patient-Reported Outcomes in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease and Kidney Transplant—Part 1

Abstract

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a complex medical condition that is associated with several comorbidities and requires comprehensive medical management. Given the chronic nature of the condition, its frequent association with psychosocial distress, and its very significant symptom burden, the subjective patient experience is key toward understanding the true impact of CKD on the patients’ life. Patient-reported outcome measures are important tools that can be used to support patient-centered care and patient engagement during the complex management of patients with CKD. The routine collection and use of patient-reported outcomes (PROs) in clinical practice may improve quality of care and outcomes, and may provide useful data to understand the disease from both an individual and a population perspective. Many tools used to measure PROs focus on assessing health-related quality of life, which is significantly impaired among patients with CKD. Health-related quality of life, in addition to being an important outcome itself, is associated with clinical outcomes such as health care use and mortality. In Part 1 of this review, we provide an overview of PROs and implications of their use in the context of CKD. In Part 2, we will review the selection of appropriate measures and the relevant domains of interest for patients with CKD.

Machine learning, the kidney, and genotype–phenotype analysis

“…Researchers are increasingly generating large multimodal omics data compendia, including transcriptomic, proteomic, metabolomic, epigenomic, and exome or whole-genome sequencing data sets, now even linked to individual cells in single-cell data or spatial context via profiling of tissue sections. As with the omics technologies, the study of high-dimensional data sets from the clinic is also increasingly feasible, including analyses of electronic medical records, high-intensity in-clinic monitoring data from intensive care unit and dialysis settings, 10 patient-reported outcomes, 11 and data from wearable technologies for capture of vital signs and physical activity. 12 These phenotypic data match the complexity and detail of the omics data sets.…”

“…Patient-reported outcomes can provide systematic information at a large scale on the subjective experience of individuals living with kidney disease. 11 r e v i e w Wearable technologies can provide continuous monitoring of patient characteristics such as blood pressure, heart rhythm, blood glucose, and physical activity, and increasing use of such technologies can provide another important component for understanding renal disease characteristics and outcomes. 12 Multilayered high-dimensional data sets in kidney disease Several large consortia are beginning to generate multimodal kidney disease data sets at previously unprecedented scales, including genetic and phenotypic data.…”

Impact of Gut Dysbiosis on Neurohormonal Pathways in Chronic Kidney Disease

“…Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major health problem with a high economic burden to healthcare systems all over the world [1,2,3], with a higher global prevalence (11–13%) than diabetes mellitus (8.2%) [3]. It is defined by the presence of a marker of kidney damage such as proteinuria or a reduced estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m 2 ) for at least three months [4].…”

“…It is defined by the presence of a marker of kidney damage such as proteinuria or a reduced estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m 2 ) for at least three months [4]. A remarkable increase in the incidence of CKD has occurred in recent years because of the rising prevalence of hypertension, obesity, and type 2 diabetes mellitus [2]. Other CKD risk factors include smoking [5], nephron loss due to aging and renal senescence [6,7], congenital anomalies of the anatomy and function of the kidney [8], preterm birth and low birthweight [6], and acute kidney injury [6].…”

Health‐related quality of life in peritoneal dialysis patients: A narrative review

“…There is growing evidence that the individual's beliefs about his/her illness and treatment, influences the individual's HRQOL, and this perception is altered as CKD progresses and the symptom burden increases . There are some studies on HRQOL and its implications among hemodialysis (HD) and transplanted patients, but fewer studies focusing on peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients . This article will attempt to fill this gap by focusing mainly on PD patients.…”