Patient-Reported Outcome Measures Used in Temporomandibular Disorders: A Review of the Literature

Abstract

Aims:To identify the range of PROMs used in TMD studies, to summarise the available evidence of psychometric properties and to provide guidance for the selection of such measures. Materials and methods: A comprehensive search was conducted to retrieve the published articles in the time period between 2009-2018 containing a patient reported measure of the effects of TMD. Three databases were searched: Medline, Embase, and Web of Science. Results: 517 articles containing at least one PROM were included in the review. 58 additional studies were also located describing the psychometric properties of some tools in a TMD population. A total of 106 PROMs were identified and fell into the following categories: PROMs describing the severity of symptoms, PROM describing the psychological status, and PROMs describing the quality of life and general health. The most commonly used PROM was the Visual Analogue Scale. However, a wide range of verbal descriptors were employed. The Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14) and Beck Depression Inventory were the most commonly used PROMs describing the effect of TMD on quality of life and psychological status, respectively. Additionally, the OHIP (various versions) and The Research Diagnostic Criteria Axis ll questionnaires were the instruments most repeatedly tested in a TMD population and undergone cross-cultural validation into several languages. Conclusion: a wide range PROMs have been used to describe the impact of TMD on patients. Such variability may limit the ability of the researchers and clinicians to evaluate the efficacy of different treatments and make meaningful comparisons.

Relationship Between Temporomandibular Joint Effusion, Pain, and Jaw Function Limitation: A 2D and 3D Comparative Study

“…Other frequently used PROMs include the Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14), Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7), and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) for assessing quality of life and mental well-being. 35 Since TMD patients often report a lower quality of life and higher risks of anxiety and depression, particularly those with pain-related and intra-articular TMDs, 36 , 37 incorporating corresponding PROMs into future research can significantly enhance the understanding of how TMJ effusion may affect the life quality and mental health of TMD patients.…”