Patient pIgR-enriched extracellular vesicles drive cancer stemness, tumorigenesis and metastasis in hepatocellular carcinoma

Abstract

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The Underlying Roles of Exosome-Associated PIGR in Fatty Acid Metabolism and Immune Signaling in Colorectal Cancer

“…Nowadays, the roles of aberrant PIGR in tumors remain controversial, which might be due to the tumor heterogeneity or the different underlying mechanisms. In hepatocellular carcinoma, PIGR-loaded extracellular vesicles could activate Akt/GSK3 β / β -catenin signaling cascades, driving cancer stemness, tumorigenesis, and metastasis [ 35 ]. Ohkuma et al have assessed the prognostic value of PIGR in pancreatic cancer patients after surgical resection and determined that the overexpression of PIGR was correlated with poor prognosis in pancreatic cancer [ 36 ].…”

Role of Small Extracellular Vesicles in Liver Diseases: Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Treatment

“…The level of pIgR in circulating sEVs was reduced in a majority of patients after surgical resection. 24 The studies underscore the potential of those sEV proteins as diagnostic and prognostic markers of HCC. The translation of the research findings to clinical application of these sEV proteins requires further validation of their expression in a large cohort of patients.…”

“…Polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (pIgR)-enriched sEVs collected from patients with advanced HCC have been reported to promote cancer stemness, tumorigenesis, and metastasis of HCC, by a mechanism that involved an EV-pIgR-activated PDK1/Akt/GSK3β/β-catenin signaling cascade. 24 Using anti-pIgR antibody, the study showed that blockade of EV-pIgR-mediated intercellular communication in tumor microenvironment might provide a new therapeutic strategy for cancer patients. Rab GTPases are involved in the biogenesis of exosomes.…”

“…In spite of the detrimental properties of sEVs released by cancer and stroma cells in the tumor microenvironment in cancer progression and metastasis, the biocomponents of sEVs are promising indicators of cancers and treatment response (Table 1). 17,[19][20][21][22][23][24]27,32,35,36 Von et al 35 showed that unannotated small RNA clusters associated with circulating sEVs have great prospects in the early detection of liver cancer. A number of exosomal RNAs have been shown to functionally promote HCC by augmenting cell proliferation, invasiveness, angiogenesis, and metastasis.…”

PIGR-enriched circulating vesicles contributes to hepatocellular carcinoma aggressiveness

“…Overall, the findings presented by Tey et al 7 pinpointed the prominent role of PIGR-enriched EVs as key players in HCC aggressiveness and as a promising therapeutic target. In fact, PIGR has been linked to malignant transformation of epithelial cells for the last 5 decades.…”