Patient pathways for cardiovascular diseases in Malaysia and the Philippines: a systematic review

Abstract

Background: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of premature mortality in the world and are a growing public health concern in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), including those in South East Asia. Their management requires coordinated responses by a range of healthcare providers, which should preferably be based on knowledge of the national context. We systematically review evidence on the pathways followed by patients with CVD in Malaysia and the Philippines to understand patient journeys, along with the barriers at each stage. Methods: We searched seven bibliographic databases and grey literature sources to identify material focused on the pathways followed by patients with CVD in Malaysia and the Philippines, and performed a narrative synthesis. Results: The search yielded 25 articles, 3 focused on the Philippines and 22 on Malaysia. Most articles were quantitative analyses that focused on hypertensive patients. Three examined secondary prevention post myocardial infarction, and one each examined acute myocardial infarction, heart failure, and atrial fibrillation. Reported barriers reflected capability (knowledge of behaviours to achieve control or the capacity to conduct these behaviours), intention (attitudes or motivations toward the behaviours to achieve control), and aspects of the health care system (availability, accessibility, affordability and acceptability of services). Conclusions: There are large gaps in our understanding of patient pathways in Malaysia and the Philippines that limit the development of evidence-based strategies to effectively address the CVD burden in South East Asian countries and in LMICs more broadly. Addressing these evidence gaps will require longitudinal mixed-methods studies following patients from initial diagnosis to long-term management.

Relationship Between Social Support and Clinical Outcomes: An Evaluation of Participant-Nominated Treatment Supporters in the HOPE 4 Intervention

“…28 Previously conducted health system appraisals involving communities from Colombia and Malaysia revealed that individuals with diagnosed hypertension may refrain from initiating antihypertensive medications for fear of adverse side effects or may stop their medications once symptoms appear to subside. 20,29 Such misperceptions may be perpetuated by family members, 30 and thus proper education is vital when considering their role as treatment supporters. The need for education and role-specific guidance for family members was recognized by Shen et al 24 as their intervention offered training sessions for supporters and patients.…”

Strong structuration analysis of patterns of adherence to hypertension medication

“…Nonetheless, it is possible to achieve good control in LMICs. A recent review of patient pathways for CVDs in Malaysia and the Philippines identified some examples of effective long-term management and control ( Seguin et al., 2021 ). To achieve control, it is necessary to understand the diverse pathways that patients follow, particularly regarding adherence to HT medication.…”