“…While there is a growing body of literature both in the U.S. and internationally that indicates APRNs and PAs can provide high-quality care, increase physician productivity, and, in some specialties, perform many of the same functions as physicians, there is little information to indicate the extent to which APRNs and PAs might displace demand for physicians. [50][51][52][53] For modeling purposes, the "high-use" scenario assumes that each additional APRN or PA beyond the supply needed to maintain current staffing patterns will ease demand for physicians in their specialty as follows: anesthesiology (60%), women's health (40%), primary care (50%), medical specialties (30%), surgery (20%), and other medical specialties (30%). The "moderateuse" scenario assumes the adjustment in physician demand is half the above amounts.…”