Patient Health Questionnaire 9 (PHQ-9) and General Anxiety Disorder 7 (GAD-7) data contributed by 13,829 respondents to a national survey about COVID-19 restrictions in Australia

Stocker, Ruby; Tran, Thach; Hammarberg, Karin; Nguyen, Hau; Rowe, Heather; Fisher, Jane

doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2021.113792

Cited by 39 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…All of the included studies were written in English. Among them, 17 studies [38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55] were included in the meta-analysis (Figure 1).…”

Section: Study Selectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The sample size ranged from 48 to 13,829. Except for three studies [6,40,58] that did not report participants' ages, three studies reported median with interquartile range [41,44,46], and one study [53] reported range of age; all the remaining studies reported mean age. The most frequently used assessment tool was DASS-21 which was used in 7 studies [42,[48][49][50][51]53,55] measuring depressive symptoms, anxiety, and stress.…”

Section: Characteristics Of Included Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Of the 25 studies included, 17 [6,39,40,[43][44][45][46][48][49][50][51][53][54][55][56][57][58] were cross-sectional studies, and of the remaining studies, 6 [38,41,42,52,59,60] were case-control studies, and 2 [47,61] were longitudinal studies. Four studies [38,44,54,59] were conducted in Turkey, three in the United States [43,46,61], three in Spain [49][50][51] and Italy [53,55,58], two in Australia [40,48], China [39,56], and Iran [41,45], and one Germany [52], the Netherlands [60], Bangladesh [42], Israel [6], and Argentina ...…”

Section: Characteristics Of Included Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Four studies [38,44,54,59] were conducted in Turkey, three in the United States [43,46,61], three in Spain [49][50][51] and Italy [53,55,58], two in Australia [40,48], China [39,56], and Iran [41,45], and one Germany [52], the Netherlands [60], Bangladesh [42], Israel [6], and Argentina [47], respectively. 22 studies [6,38,[40][41][42][43][44][45][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58][59][60] did not report the ethnicity of the participants. Otherwise, except for one study [39] involving only Chinese participants, the rest [46,…”

Section: Characteristics Of Included Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Otherwise, except for one study [39] involving only Chinese participants, the rest [46,61] were multi-ethnic studies. The subtypes of vulnerable populations among included studies were chronic disease patients in eleven studies [39,41,42,44,[52][53][54][57][58][59][60], elderly [6,40,46,49,51] and SMI patients [43,48,50,55,61] in five studies, and pregnant women in four studies [38,45,47,56], respectively. The sample size ranged from 48 to 13,829.…”

Section: Characteristics Of Included Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparison of the Mental Health Impact of COVID-19 on Vulnerable and Non-Vulnerable Groups: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies

Nam

Kwon

2021

IJERPH

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Vulnerable populations may be more vulnerable to mental health problems posed by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. A systematic review was performed to compare the mental health impact of COVID-19 between vulnerable and non-vulnerable groups. Five electronic databases were searched for observational studies reporting the psychological outcomes of both vulnerable populations and healthy controls during the COVID-19 era. The primary outcomes are the severity of depression and anxiety, and secondary outcomes include other aspects of mental health such as stress or sleep disturbance. Meta-analysis was performed for the severity of mental health symptoms, and the results were presented as standardized mean difference and 95% confidence intervals. A total of 25 studies were included. According to the findings, the elderly generally experienced significantly lower levels of psychological symptoms including depression, anxiety, and perceived stress. Pregnant women, patients with chronic diseases, and patients with pre-existing severe mental disorders showed mixed results according to each mental health outcome. The results indicate that vulnerable groups have been affected differently in the COVID-19 era. Though the insufficient number and heterogeneity of included studies leave the results inconclusive, our findings may contribute to identifying priorities of mental health needs among various vulnerable populations and allocating health resources with efficiency.

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Section: Study Selectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Characteristics Of Included Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Characteristics Of Included Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Characteristics Of Included Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Characteristics Of Included Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Comparison of the Mental Health Impact of COVID-19 on Vulnerable and Non-Vulnerable Groups: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies

Nam

Kwon

2021

IJERPH

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Psychological symptoms and related risk factors among healthcare workers and medical students during the early phase of the COVID‐19 pandemic in Japan

et al. 2022

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Aim The aim of this study was to investigate the mental health status of healthcare workers and medical students during the early phase of the COVID‐19 pandemic. Methods An online questionnaire was administered to 637 students and 3189 healthcare workers from May to July, 2020. The patient healthcare questionnaire‐9 (PHQ‐9) and state anxiety (A‐State) of the state–trait anxiety inventory‐form (STAI) were used to assess depression and anxiety symptoms, respectively. Individuals were categorized into severe (15 or higher) depression and severe (50–51 or higher) anxiety groups. Results Healthcare workers and those taking care of COVID‐19 patients had a higher risk of severe depression (PHQ‐9 scores >15) than other comparison groups. Students and men also had a higher risk of severe anxiety (STAI > 50–51). Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that healthcare workers had a fivefold higher risk of developing severe depression symptoms (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 4.99, confidence interval [CI] 2.24–5.97, P‐value < 0.001) and those taking care of COVID‐19 patients had 2.8‐fold higher risk of developing severe depression symptoms (OR 2.75, CI 1.36–5.53, P‐value = 0.005). Conclusion Both medical students and healthcare workers have been experiencing depression and anxiety symptoms during the first wave of the pandemic. Our findings showed a high rate of severe anxiety symptoms in medical students and a high rate of severe depression symptoms in healthcare workers. Those who treated COVID‐19 patients were at greater risk of developing major depressive disorder than those who treated non‐COVID‐19 patients.

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Increase in Depression and Anxiety Among Australian Gay and Bisexual Men During COVID-19 Restrictions: Findings from a Prospective Online Cohort Study

et al. 2022

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We examined depression and anxiety prior to and during COVID-19 restrictions in Australian gay and bisexual men (GBM). In an online cohort, a COVID-19-focused survey was conducted in April 2020. During 2019 and in April 2020, 664 GBM completed the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9, measuring depression) and Generalized Anxiety Disorder Assessment (GAD-7, measuring anxiety). Increased depression and anxiety were defined as a ≥ 5 point increase on the respective scales. Mean PHQ-9 and GAD-7 scores increased between 2019 and 2020 (PHQ-9: from 5.11 in 2019 to 6.55 in 2020; GAD-7: from 3.80 in 2019 to 4.95 in 2020). The proportion of participants with moderate-severe depression (PHQ-9 ≥ 10) increased from 18.8% (n = 125) to 25.5% (n = 169), while the proportion of participants with moderate-severe anxiety (GAD-7 ≥ 10) increased from 12.7% (n = 84) to 17.3% (n = 115). Almost one-quarter of participants (n = 158, 23.8%) had increased depression; in these men, mean PHQ-9 increased from 2.49 in 2019 to 11.65 in 2020 (p < 0.001). One-in-five (20.6%) participants (n = 137) had increased anxiety; among these men, mean GAD-7 increased from 2.05 in 2019 to 10.22 in 2020 (p < 0.001). Increases were associated with concerns about job security, reduction in social and sexual connections and opportunities, and being personally concerned about COVID-19 itself. COVID-19 appeared to have a sudden and pronounced impact on depression and anxiety in Australian GBM, with a significant minority showing sharp increases. Ongoing monitoring is required to determine longer-term impacts and GBM need access to appropriate and sensitive supports both during and after the COVID-19 pandemic.

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Patient Health Questionnaire 9 (PHQ-9) and General Anxiety Disorder 7 (GAD-7) data contributed by 13,829 respondents to a national survey about COVID-19 restrictions in Australia

Cited by 39 publications

References 13 publications

Comparison of the Mental Health Impact of COVID-19 on Vulnerable and Non-Vulnerable Groups: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies

Comparison of the Mental Health Impact of COVID-19 on Vulnerable and Non-Vulnerable Groups: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies

Psychological symptoms and related risk factors among healthcare workers and medical students during the early phase of the COVID‐19 pandemic in Japan

Increase in Depression and Anxiety Among Australian Gay and Bisexual Men During COVID-19 Restrictions: Findings from a Prospective Online Cohort Study

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