Patient Health Questionnaire-9: a clinimetric analysis
Fiammetta Cosci,
Kaj Sparle Christensen,
Sara Ceccatelli
et al.
Abstract:Objective:
The Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) is a widely used self-report measure of depression whose psychometric properties were found to be merely acceptable. Insufficient attention has been devoted to its clinimetric validity, while its clinical utility is still debated, particularly for assessing depression severity. This is the first study to test the PHQ-9 construct validity and clinical utility based on clinimetric principles.
Methods:
An online survey … Show more
“…Scores from 0 to 4 indicate minimal depression, those between 5 and 9 suggest mild depression, individuals obtaining scores from 10 to 14 are classified as having moderate depression, scores from 15 to 19 represent moderately severe depression, whereas scores that fall between 20 and 27 imply severe depression. The PHQ-9 has shown satisfactory clinimetric properties ( Cosci et al, in press ).…”
Background/objectiveDepression is a growing concern in university students and resilience has shown to play a protective role. The impact of stigma is still under-explored, with reference to its moderating role between depression and resilience. The present study investigate such a relationship among Italian university students.MethodsA cross-sectional design was applied in a simple of 1,912 students to examine the interrelationships between depression (Patient Health Questionnaire-9), resilience (Nicholson McBride Resilience questionnaire), and stigma (Stigma-9). Correlation, predictor, and moderation analyses were applied in RStudio.ResultsA negative correlation was found between depressive symptoms and resilience (r = −0.455, p < 0.001). A positive correlation was found between depressive symptoms and stigma (r = 0.207, p < 0.001). Lower levels of resilience and higher levels of stigma were significant predictors of depressive symptoms [F(df, n) = 190.8(3, 1884), p < 0.001, R2 = 0.236]. The moderation analysis showed a weakening of resilience protective effect against depression as stigma levels increase [F(df,n) = 186.7(3,1908), p < 0.001, R2 = 0.226].ConclusionStigma influences the relationship between depression and resilience. Anti-stigma interventions and programs empowering resilience, should be implemented in university settings to protect students from depression.
“…Scores from 0 to 4 indicate minimal depression, those between 5 and 9 suggest mild depression, individuals obtaining scores from 10 to 14 are classified as having moderate depression, scores from 15 to 19 represent moderately severe depression, whereas scores that fall between 20 and 27 imply severe depression. The PHQ-9 has shown satisfactory clinimetric properties ( Cosci et al, in press ).…”
Background/objectiveDepression is a growing concern in university students and resilience has shown to play a protective role. The impact of stigma is still under-explored, with reference to its moderating role between depression and resilience. The present study investigate such a relationship among Italian university students.MethodsA cross-sectional design was applied in a simple of 1,912 students to examine the interrelationships between depression (Patient Health Questionnaire-9), resilience (Nicholson McBride Resilience questionnaire), and stigma (Stigma-9). Correlation, predictor, and moderation analyses were applied in RStudio.ResultsA negative correlation was found between depressive symptoms and resilience (r = −0.455, p < 0.001). A positive correlation was found between depressive symptoms and stigma (r = 0.207, p < 0.001). Lower levels of resilience and higher levels of stigma were significant predictors of depressive symptoms [F(df, n) = 190.8(3, 1884), p < 0.001, R2 = 0.236]. The moderation analysis showed a weakening of resilience protective effect against depression as stigma levels increase [F(df,n) = 186.7(3,1908), p < 0.001, R2 = 0.226].ConclusionStigma influences the relationship between depression and resilience. Anti-stigma interventions and programs empowering resilience, should be implemented in university settings to protect students from depression.
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