Patient empowerment interacts with health literacy to associate with subsequent self-management behaviors in patients with type 2 diabetes: A prospective study in Taiwan

Influencing Pathways to Quality of Life and HbA1c in Patients With Diabetes: A Longitudinal Study That Inform Evidence‐Based Practice

“…This study was a 1‐year longitudinal study and a follow‐up of a cross‐sectional study (Lee, Lee, & Moon, ). Part of the results related to this research has been reported in previous publications (Wang et al., , ). In this study, data at three time points for six monthly intervals were collected to test the hypothesized model.…”

Concepts and measures of patient empowerment: a comprehensive review

“…With respect to the first definition in terms of chronological order (12) , which regards empowerment as a social process of recognizing, promoting, and enhancing people's abilities to meet their own needs, solve their own problems, and mobilize the necessary resources in order to feel in control of their own lives, it can be observed that it contains three characteristics that are present in other definitions: for empowerment to occur, patients must have prior abilities (9,12) , and empowerment is both a process (3,5,(7)(8)(9)11,13,(16)(17)(18)(19) and outcome (3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19) . With respect to prior abilities, only one author (9) highlights which abilities help patients to accept the disease.…”

“…In the sphere of health, the expression has been adopted primarily as a guiding basis for health promotion approaches and, in recent years, as a strategy for the management of chronic conditions. However, although there is broad consensus on its importance and its multidimensional nature, a universally accepted definition of the concept, its dimensions and its operationalization does not exist, thus giving rise to a variety of different measures of empowerment (2)(3)(4)(5) . The main purpose of this article is to analyze the different definitions and dimensions of the concept of empowerment that appear in the literature in order to identify differences and similarities and propose a single definition that embraces their essential characteristics.…”

What if things go wrong in co-producing health services? Exploring the implementation problems of health care co-production

“…Individual and organizational health literacy should be dealt with as two faces of the same coin. Both of them are needed to empower patients and, therefore, to set the conditions for health services' co-production (Wang et al, 2016). As depicted in Figure 3, the disregard of either individual health literacy, organizational health literacy, or both of them generates momentous drawbacks on the patient-provider relationship.…”