Patient-driven loop control for ambulation function restoration in a non-invasive functional electrical stimulation system

Chen, Woei-Luen; Chen, S. C.; Chen, C. C.; Chou, Chien-Hsing; Shih, Y. Y.; Chen, Y. L.; Kuo, Te Son

doi:10.3109/09638280903026564

Cited by 11 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Over the years, the development and implementation of more complex control algorithms resulted in a need to assess additional system states, other than the ones provided by the traditional foot switches. Examples that came up range from inertial [39,57,64], to position [56,60,67], sEMG [69][70][71], bioimpedance [58] and bend sensors [68]. Most of these sensing solutions have successfully been used to estimate desired physiological and/or kinematic states.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In fact, several authors have reported closed-loop architectures to control ankle motion that are able to accurately track a desired reference and deal with muscle fatigue and external disturbances [57,[60][61][62]. Although the number of patients tested was very low, another type of closed-loop control that has showed promising results is proportional sEMG control [69][70][71].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Similarly, Muraoka [70] also developed a patient-driven loop sEMG system, but again its efficacy was only proven with one healthy subject. W. L. Chen et al [71] extended the previous concepts to the plantarflexors together with the dorsiflexors and tested in one subject with DF, which showed significant improvements in mean velocity, cadence, stride length of about 48%, 65% and 44% respectively.…”

Section: Proportional Semg Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Technical developments of functional electrical stimulation to correct drop foot: Sensing, actuation and control strategies

Melo

Silva

Martins

et al. 2015

Clinical Biomechanics

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This work presents a review on the technological advancements over the last decades of functional electrical stimulation based neuroprostheses to correct drop foot. Functional electrical stimulation is a technique that has been put into practice for several years now, and has been shown to functionally restore and rehabilitate individuals with movement disorders, such as stroke, multiple sclerosis and traumatic brain injury, among others. The purpose of this technical review is to bring together information from a variety of sources and shed light on the field's most important challenges, to help in identifying new research directions. The review covers the main causes of drop foot and its associated gait implications, along with several functional electrical stimulation-based neuroprostheses used to correct it, developed within academia and currently available in the market. These systems are thoroughly analyzed and discussed with particular emphasis on actuation, sensing and control of open- and closed-loop architectures. In the last part of this work, recommendations on future research directions are suggested.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Proportional Semg Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Technical developments of functional electrical stimulation to correct drop foot: Sensing, actuation and control strategies

Melo

Silva

Martins

et al. 2015

Clinical Biomechanics

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“…The earliest proposed and most commonly used stimulus intensity envelope is a trapezoidal pattern that stimulates during the swing phase [1,3,6,7]. The stimulus intensity linearly ramps up to its maximum value at leg swing and is then kept constant until heel contact when it ramps down to zero.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimation of the kinetic-optimized stimulus intensity envelope for drop foot gait rehabilitation

Tanabe

Kubota

Itoh

et al. 2012

Journal of Medical Engineering & Technology

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“…In stroke survivors, surface EMG has been used to initiate electrical stimulation of the tibialis anterior to correct for foot drop. [28][29][30][31] Other studies have shown that it is feasible to use intramuscular EMG from voluntarily controlled muscles of the lower extremity (LE) to detect gait events after cerebral palsy 32 or to trigger FES-assisted steps in individuals with iSCI using surface EMG signals. 33 After iSCI, the gait resulting from surface EMG control of an implanted stimulator was found to be more coordinated and dynamically stable than automatically cycling through successive steps or manually initiating every step with a pushbutton.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A preliminary comparison of myoelectric and cyclic control of an implanted neuroprosthesis to modulate gait speed in incomplete SCI

Lombardo

Bailey

Foglyano

et al. 2014

The Journal of Spinal Cord Medicine

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Objective: Explore whether electromyography (EMG) control of electrical stimulation for walking after incomplete spinal cord injury (SCI) can affect ability to modulate speed and alter gait spatial-temporal parameters compared to cyclic repetition of pre-programmed stimulation. Design: Single case study with subject acting as own concurrent control. Setting: Hospital-based biomechanics laboratory. Participants: Single subject with C6 AIS D SCI using an implanted neuroprosthesis for walking. Interventions: Lower extremity muscle activation via an implanted system with two different control methods: (1) pre-programmed pattern of stimulation, and (2) EMG-controlled stimulation based on signals from the gastrocnemius and quadriceps. Outcome measures: Gait speed, distance, and subjective rating of difficulty during 2-minute walks. Range of walking speeds and associated cadences, stride lengths, stride times, and double support times during quantitative gait analysis. Results: EMG control resulted in statistically significant increases in both walking speed and distance (P < 0.001) over cyclic stimulation during 2-minute walks. Maximum walking speed with EMG control (0.48 m/second) was significantly (P < 0.001) faster than the fastest automatic pattern (0.39 m/second), with increased cadence and decreased stride and double support times (P < 0.000) but no change in stride length (z = −0.085; P = 0.932). The slowest walking with EMG control (0.25 m/second) was virtually indistinguishable from the slowest with automatic cycling (z = −0.239; P = 0.811). Conclusion: EMG control can increase the ability to modulate comfortable walking speed over pre-programmed cyclic stimulation. While control methods did not differ at the lowest speed, EMG-triggered stimulation allowed significantly faster walking than cyclic stimulation. The expanded range of available walking speeds could permit users to better avoid obstacles and naturally adapt to various environments. Further research is required to definitively determine the robustness, generalizability, and functional implications of these results.

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Patient-driven loop control for ambulation function restoration in a non-invasive functional electrical stimulation system

Cited by 11 publications

References 12 publications

Technical developments of functional electrical stimulation to correct drop foot: Sensing, actuation and control strategies

Technical developments of functional electrical stimulation to correct drop foot: Sensing, actuation and control strategies

Estimation of the kinetic-optimized stimulus intensity envelope for drop foot gait rehabilitation

A preliminary comparison of myoelectric and cyclic control of an implanted neuroprosthesis to modulate gait speed in incomplete SCI

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