Patient Dosimetry for X Rays Used in Medical Imaging

Zoetelief, J.; Drexler, G.; Järvinen, H; Rosenstein, Marvin; Allisy-Roberts, P J; Bosmans, Hilde; Moretti, C; Dam, J. Van; Vañó, Eliseo; Wall, B F; Wambersie, André; Deluca, P. M.

doi:10.1093/jicru_ndi018

Cited by 56 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…The data used by AAPM was obtained from a mathematical pediatric phantom, a water-equivalent cylindrical phantom, and CT examinations of pediatric patients. [27][28][29] The geometric size on the AAPM curves represented a wide range of diameters (from LAT = 12.7 cm and AP = 9.8 cm to LAT = 44 cm and AP = 36 cm). Our study used patients with a more limited range of sizes (from LAT = 22.53 cm and AP = 14.32 cm to LAT = 39.94 cm and AP = 29.20 cm).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effective and water-equivalent diameters as geometrical size functions for estimating CT dose in the thoracic, abdominal, and pelvic regions

Dewi

Anam

Hidayanto

et al. 2021

Polish Journal of Medical Physics and Engineering

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Purpose: The aim of this work was to establish the relationships of patient size in terms of effective diameter (Deff) and water-equivalent diameter (Dw) with lateral (LAT) and anterior-posterior (AP) dimensions in order to predict the specific patient dose for thoracic, abdominal, and pelvic computed tomography (CT) examinations. Methods: A total of 47 thoracic images, 79 abdominal images, and 50 pelvic images were analyzed in this study. The patient’s images were retrospectively collected from Dr. Kariadi and Kensaras Hospitals, Semarang, Indonesia. The slices measured were taken from the middle of the scan range. The calculations of patient sizes (LAT, AP, Deff, and Dw) were automatically performed by IndoseCT 20b software. Deff and Dw were plotted as functions of LAT, AP, and AP+LAT. In addition, Dw was plotted as a function of Deff. Results: Strong correlations of Deff and Dw with LAT, AP, and AP+LAT were found. Stronger correlations were found in the Deff curves (R2 > 0.9) than in the Dw curves (R2 > 0.8). It was found that the average Deff was higher than the average Dw in the thoracic region, the average values were similar in the abdominal and pelvic regions. Conclusion: The current study extended the study of the relationships between Deff and Dw and the basic geometric diameter LAT, AP, and AP+LAT beyond those previously reported by AAPM. We evaluated the relationships for three regions, i.e. thoracic, abdominal, and pelvic regions. Based on our findings, it was possible to estimate Deff and Dw from only the LAT or AP dimension.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effective and water-equivalent diameters as geometrical size functions for estimating CT dose in the thoracic, abdominal, and pelvic regions

Dewi

Anam

Hidayanto

et al. 2021

Polish Journal of Medical Physics and Engineering

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“…2 ). Because diverging radiation beams are utilised in medical imaging, the kerma and dose will decrease with increasing distance from the x-ray tube focal spot, according to the inverse-square law [41] . Backscatter is radiation that is scattered backwards from the primary beam when penetrating the object.…”

Section: Pidrl Calculation Stepsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Data on paediatric dosages frequently refer to dose levels (and thus DRLs) as entrance surface dose (ESD) [36] . Therefore, it is necessary to convert from kV/mAs to ESD to compare this data and contribute to the pool of available dose levels [41] . Incident air kerma ( K a,i ) refers to the point where the central axis of the x-ray beam intercepts the plane corresponding to the surface of the patient or phantom ( Fig.…”

Section: Pidrl Calculation Stepsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several qualifying terms are used to identify the measurement position and whether or not backscattered radiation from the patient is to be included. Subscripts are used to indicate incident (no backscatter) and entrance surface (containing backscatter) to specify whether backscatter is included or not in the air kerma [41] . For the dose quantities K a,i and K a,e , subscripts are added to the symbol for the quantity ( Fig.…”

Section: Pidrl Calculation Stepsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The first subscript indicates the material in which the quantity is expressed, such as 'a' for air. The second subscript indicates the measurement condition, which is the quantity of incidence or entrance surface, respectively denoted by 'i' or 'e' [41] .…”

Section: Pidrl Calculation Stepsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A practical guide for paediatric diagnostic reference levels (PiDRLs)

Lackay

Horn-Lodewyk

Müller

2022

Journal of Medical Imaging and Radiation Sciences

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Influence of the antiscatter grid on dose and image quality in pediatric interventional cardiology X‐ray systems

Ubeda

Vañó

González

et al. 2013

Cathet Cardio Intervent

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Objective: To present a methodology and experimental results to assess the influence, in terms of dose and image quality, of the antiscatter grid (AG) in a pediatric cardiology X-ray system. Method: Entrance surface air kerma and image quality, using a test object and different added thicknesses of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), for three different acquisition protocols, were measured with and without the AG, for fluoroscopy and cine modes. The image quality parameters, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), highcontrast spatial resolution (HCSR) and two figures of merit (FOM) were evaluated. Results: The average bucky factor values measured during this experiment were 1.99, 2.49, 2.85, and 3.30, respectively for 4, 8, 12, and 16 cm of PMMA. SNR variations do not appear to be relevant when removing the AG. However, the use of AG improves HCSR significantly. Imaging the test object with 4 cm of PMMA seems appropriate without the AG, but for 8 cm (equivalent to chest thicknesses of 12 cm) and greater thicknesses, a good image quality would require the use of AG. Conclusions: The AG should not be used for neonates and very young children with chest thicknesses equal to or less than 6 cm and weight less that 6 kg.V C 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

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Patient Dosimetry for X Rays Used in Medical Imaging

Cited by 56 publications

References 69 publications

The effective and water-equivalent diameters as geometrical size functions for estimating CT dose in the thoracic, abdominal, and pelvic regions

The effective and water-equivalent diameters as geometrical size functions for estimating CT dose in the thoracic, abdominal, and pelvic regions

A practical guide for paediatric diagnostic reference levels (PiDRLs)

Influence of the antiscatter grid on dose and image quality in pediatric interventional cardiology X‐ray systems

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