Patient-Derived Xenograft Models of Breast Cancer and Their Application

Abstract

Recently, patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models of many types of tumors including breast cancer have emerged as a powerful tool for predicting drug efficacy and for understanding tumor characteristics. PDXs are established by the direct transfer of human tumors into highly immunodeficient mice and then maintained by passaging from mouse to mouse. The ability of PDX models to maintain the original features of patient tumors and to reflect drug sensitivity has greatly improved both basic and clinical study outcomes. However, current PDX models cannot completely predict drug efficacy because they do not recapitulate the tumor microenvironment of origin, a failure which puts emphasis on the necessity for the development of the next generation PDX models. In this article, we summarize the advantages and limitations of current PDX models and discuss the future directions of this field.

Application of Highly Immunocompromised Mice for the Establishment of Patient-Derived Xenograft (PDX) Models

“…Engraftment ratios are also higher in more immunocompromised mice (Nude < SCID < NOD/SCID < NSG) (Table 5) [53]. The engraftment ratio for breast cancer is relatively low, and orthotropic transplantation is needed [64]. Orthotropic and renal capsule engraftment clearly increase the engraftment ratio for some tumors, although special techniques are required [31,65,66].…”

OncoOmics approaches to reveal essential genes in breast cancer: a panoramic view from pathogenesis to precision medicine

“…7a. In addition to the loss-of-function screens in a large number of well-annotated BC cell lines, the patient-derived xenografts are in vivo models of human tumors engrafted in a mouse host and emerging as a powerful tool for understanding tumor hallmarks and predicting drug efficacy 90 . Consequently, we validated the genomic expression of the strongly selective and common essential genes (dependencies in BC cell lines) in breast tumors from PDXs provided by the Jackson Laboratory 59 .…”

About Expanding Options for Using Balb/C Nude Mice for Experimental Study of Human Malignant Tumors in Vivo

“…При экспериментальном использовании ксенографтов злокачественных опухолей человека ключевым является вопрос о соответствии их структурных, кинетических, инвазивных и метастатических характеристик показателям исходного злокачественного процесса [1][2][3][4]. Как известно, клетки иммунной системы активно участвуют в развитии опухолей, оказывая ингибирующее или, напротив, стимулирующее действие на малигнизированные клетки, в зависимости от конкретных системных и локальных изменений в организме-опухоленосителе [5][6][7]. Кроме модифицирующего действия клеток иммунной Южно-российский онкологический журнал 2020, т.1, №2, с.…”