Patient/Breast-Specific Detection of Breast Tumor Based on Patients’ Thermograms, 3D Breast Scans, and Reverse Thermal Modelling

Abstract

Background: Mammography is the preferred method for the diagnosis of breast cancer. However, this diagnostic technique fails to detect tumors of small sizes, and it does not work well for younger patients with high breast tissue density. Methods: This paper proposes a novel tool for the early detection of breast cancer, which is patient-specific, non-invasive, inexpensive, and has potential in terms of accuracy compared with existing techniques. The main principle of this method is based on the use of temperature contours from breast skin surfaces through thermography, and inverse thermal modeling based on Finite Element Analysis (FEA) and a Genetic Algorithm (GA)-based optimization tool to estimate the depths and sizes of tumors as well as patient/breast-specific tissue properties. Results: The study was conducted by using a 3D geometry of patients’ breasts and their temperature contours, which were clinically collected using a 3D scanner and a thermal imaging infrared (IR) camera. Conclusion: The results showed that the combination of 3D breast geometries, thermal images, and inverse thermal modeling is capable of estimating patient/breast-specific breast tissue and physiological properties such as gland and fat contents, tissue density, thermal conductivity, specific heat, and blood perfusion rate, based on a multilayer model consisting of gland and fat. Moreover, this tool was able to calculate the depth and size of the tumor, which was validated by the doctor’s diagnosis.

Improving the Efficiency of Oncological Diagnosis of the Breast Based on the Combined Use of Simulation Modeling and Artificial Intelligence Algorithms

“…Transition from the commonly used multilayer breast model [65,[72][73][74]109] to our multicomponent 3D internal structure seems to be a necessary step to build a better "SIMULATION" sample. Multilayer models give formally higher values of sensitivity and specificity [110], because the tumor as a hot zone stands out very well against the background of an almost uniform temperature distribution. Therefore, reliable detection of such a tumor is an artificial result due to the roughness of the approach, and such multilayer models poorly describe the real properties of the breasts.…”

Advances in Finite Element Modeling of Breast Tissue Mechanics: Applications and Challenges

“…In this section, we will elaborate on the significance of comprehending breast tissue mechanics: Breast Health and Disease Detection: A fundamental aspect of breast health involves the early detection of anomalies, particularly breast cancer. Mechanical changes in breast tissue, such as alterations in stiffness or elasticity, can be indicative of underlying pathologies [5]. Therefore, a robust understanding of breast tissue mechanics…”

“…Various types of mesh elements, such as tetrahedral, hexahedral, or hybrid meshes, can be used. The choice of mesh type influences the accuracy and computational efficiency of the FEM [5]. Mesh Refinement: Achieving convergence and accurate results often requires mesh refinement near regions of interest, such as tumors or surgical sites.…”