“…Research on patients and resource scheduling is well established and growing. Many good medical resource scheduling systems have been developed to reduce patient waiting times and also improve the utilization of critical resources by means of tracking the availability of resources, projecting future demands for service and automating the assignment of resources to needs [19], [25], [29], [9], [14]. For instance, the problem of scheduling patients in CT scanning department for improving resource utilization is addressed in [24].…”
Section: Related Workmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…For instance, Fig. 12 shows a schedule of four medical resources, i.e., Technologist, Nurse, Axis, and Meridian, which are required for the MSC (mesenchymal stromal cell) bone imaging procedure [25]. Note that the Waiting time is for patients that are not considered as medical resources in this paper.…”
Section: A Map Structurementioning
confidence: 99%
“…12. Schedule for MSC Bone Imaging Resources [25] To extract medical resource available times from given time tables, we define the time interval and medical resource available time map as follows.…”
Section: A Map Structurementioning
confidence: 99%
“…The resource available time is often given in a timetable [25]. Medical resources by themselves often do not have any relationships, but when they are associated with medical treatment procedures, the procedures may require certain relationships among the resources.…”
Improving patient care safety is an ultimate objective for medical cyber-physical systems. A recent study shows that the patients' death rate is significantly reduced by computerizing medical best practice guidelines [21]. Recent data also show that some morbidity and mortality in emergency care are directly caused by delayed or interrupted treatment due to lack of medical resources [20]. However, medical guidelines usually do not provide guidance on medical resource demands and how to manage potential unexpected delays in resource availability. If medical resources are temporarily unavailable, safety properties in existing executable medical guideline models may fail which may cause increased risk to patients under care.The paper presents a separately model and jointly verify (SMJV) architecture to separately model medical resource available times and relationships and jointly verify safety properties of existing medical best practice guideline models with resource models being integrated in. The SMJV architecture allows medical staff to effectively manage medical resource demands and unexpected resource availability delays during emergency care. The separated modeling approach also allows different domain professionals to make independent model modifications, facilitates the management of frequent resource availability changes, and enables resource statechart reuse in multiple medical guideline models. A simplified stroke scenario is used as a case study to investigate the effectiveness and validity of the SMJV architecture. The case study indicates that the SMJV architecture is able to identify unsafe properties caused by unexpected resource delays.
“…Research on patients and resource scheduling is well established and growing. Many good medical resource scheduling systems have been developed to reduce patient waiting times and also improve the utilization of critical resources by means of tracking the availability of resources, projecting future demands for service and automating the assignment of resources to needs [19], [25], [29], [9], [14]. For instance, the problem of scheduling patients in CT scanning department for improving resource utilization is addressed in [24].…”
Section: Related Workmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…For instance, Fig. 12 shows a schedule of four medical resources, i.e., Technologist, Nurse, Axis, and Meridian, which are required for the MSC (mesenchymal stromal cell) bone imaging procedure [25]. Note that the Waiting time is for patients that are not considered as medical resources in this paper.…”
Section: A Map Structurementioning
confidence: 99%
“…12. Schedule for MSC Bone Imaging Resources [25] To extract medical resource available times from given time tables, we define the time interval and medical resource available time map as follows.…”
Section: A Map Structurementioning
confidence: 99%
“…The resource available time is often given in a timetable [25]. Medical resources by themselves often do not have any relationships, but when they are associated with medical treatment procedures, the procedures may require certain relationships among the resources.…”
Improving patient care safety is an ultimate objective for medical cyber-physical systems. A recent study shows that the patients' death rate is significantly reduced by computerizing medical best practice guidelines [21]. Recent data also show that some morbidity and mortality in emergency care are directly caused by delayed or interrupted treatment due to lack of medical resources [20]. However, medical guidelines usually do not provide guidance on medical resource demands and how to manage potential unexpected delays in resource availability. If medical resources are temporarily unavailable, safety properties in existing executable medical guideline models may fail which may cause increased risk to patients under care.The paper presents a separately model and jointly verify (SMJV) architecture to separately model medical resource available times and relationships and jointly verify safety properties of existing medical best practice guideline models with resource models being integrated in. The SMJV architecture allows medical staff to effectively manage medical resource demands and unexpected resource availability delays during emergency care. The separated modeling approach also allows different domain professionals to make independent model modifications, facilitates the management of frequent resource availability changes, and enables resource statechart reuse in multiple medical guideline models. A simplified stroke scenario is used as a case study to investigate the effectiveness and validity of the SMJV architecture. The case study indicates that the SMJV architecture is able to identify unsafe properties caused by unexpected resource delays.
Humanity is currently facing an unprecedented chronic disease burden. Healthcare needs have significantly shifted from treating acute to treating chronic conditions. Chronic diseases tend to involve multiple factors with complex interactions between them evidenced by the continually growing medical knowledge base. The health profession requires the ability to manage this rapidly deepening knowledge base to assimilate the lessons from research and clinical care experience by systematically capturing, assessing, and translating it into the highest level of reliable care. A more systems approach to practicing medicine exists and is referred to as functional medicine. It takes into account the many subsystems in the human body and their many interactions. Although the science behind treating the patient as a system exists, the application of systems tools and techniques have not been utilized. It is only natural to begin to formalize the systems thinking using the established tools from the systems engineering field. Specifically, this paper presents the need for systems tools in the practice of clinical medicine and includes an example application of model-based systems engineering to clinical medicine. C⃝ 2017
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