Pathways to sex-work in Nagaland, India: implications for HIV prevention and community mobilisation

Devine, Alexandra; Bowen, Kathryn; Dzuvichu, Bernice; Rungsung, Rachel; Kermode, Michelle

doi:10.1080/09540120903039869

Cited by 57 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…A number of reasons why women enter sex work have been identified (Blanchard et al 2005;Bowen et al 2011;Chattopadhyay, Bandyopadhyay, and Duttagupta 1994;Devine et al 2010;Gangoli 2006;Kumar 2004;Magar 2012;Saggurti et al 2011aSaggurti et al , 2011bSahni and Shankar 2011). Blanchard et al (2005) found that sex workers commonly identify more than one reason for entering into sex work, highlighting the underlying complexities of entering into sex work.…”

Section: Reasons For Entry Into Sex Workmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Chronic poverty within the home -often due to wages from daily labour being insufficient to meet family's needs -has also been cited as a common reason for entering into sex work (Devine et al 2010;Durbar Mahila Samanwaya Committee 2007;Kumar 2004;Saggurti et al 2011b). Some sex workers report a desire or need for financial 152 L.M.…”

Section: Financial and Socio-familial Factorsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The most frequently reported reasons for Indian women entering into sex work are financial in nature 2 (Blanchard et al 2005;Bowen et al 2011;Chattopadhyay, Bandyopadhyay, and Duttagupta 1994;Devine et al 2010;Durbar Mahila Samanwaya Committee 2007;Gangoli 2006;Karandikar 2011;Kumar 2004;Magar 2012;Saggurti et al 2011aSaggurti et al , 2011bSahni and Shankar 2011;Sariola 2010). Sahni and Shankar (2011) differentiate between women entering into sex work from other labour markets who are 'in search of better incomes' (8) and 'direct entrants [ .…”

Section: Financial and Socio-familial Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Circumstances, experiences and processes surrounding women's entry into sex work in India

McClarty

Bhattacharjee

Blanchard

et al. 2013

Culture, Health & Sexuality

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Evidence suggests that in India, the early stages of a woman's career as a sex worker may be an important period to target for HIV and sexually transmitted infection prevention. Before such an intervention is designed and implemented, it is necessary to first understand the life circumstances of women at the start of their sex work careers. We performed a review to bring together available literature pertaining to entry into sex work in India and to highlight knowledge gaps. We found that historical traditions of dedication into sex work, financial insecurity, family discord, violence and coercion, and desire for financial independence are commonly reported reasons for entering into sex work. We also found that families and the broader sex worker community play an important role in the early stages of a woman's sex work career. We suggest that HIV-prevention programmes in India would substantially benefit from a deeper understanding of the life circumstances of new and young women sex workers. Further research should be conducted focusing on family and community involvement in women's entry into sex work, and on the important period of time after a woman's first commercial sex encounter, but before self-identification as a sex worker.

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Section: Reasons For Entry Into Sex Workmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Financial and Socio-familial Factorsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Financial and Socio-familial Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Circumstances, experiences and processes surrounding women's entry into sex work in India

McClarty

Bhattacharjee

Blanchard

et al. 2013

Culture, Health & Sexuality

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“…A greater proportion of FSWs and their clients use alcohol prior to or during sex [3]. The clients are first lured to have food and alcohol in the restaurant and following commercial sex activity ensues, it also plays a crucial role in increasing sexual risk among the commercial sex workers (CSWs) [4]. Simultaneously in this course of action they fail to realize that alcohol abuse increases and affects to their physical health, promotes illicit drug sue, poor condom negotiation, and even their victimization to sexual acts like oral sex and anal sex.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding the Factors Associated with Alcohol Use among Female Sex Workers in a High HIV Prevalence Northeast State of India

Sharma¹,

Singh²

2016

J Infec Dis Treat

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Background: The paper illustrates the factors associated with alcohol use among FSWs in Dimapur, an important commercial hub of Nagaland, which is a high HIV prevalence state of India. Methods:The analysis is based on 417 FSWs aged 18 years or older who participated in round 2 of Integrated Behavioural and Biological Assessment (IBBA). Results:There is a significant association between ever consumption of alcohol use in the past month among FSWs and socio-demographic, sexual behaviour and safe sexual practices (p<0.05). Binary logistic regression of Alcohol use among FSWs found that greater than 25 years of FSWs (2.2 times, P ≤ 0.10), Divorced/ Separated (0.41 times, p ≤ 0.10), >10th standard of education (0.311 times, p ≤ 0.001), drug use (5 times, p ≤ 0.001), sharing of injecting drugs with the partner ( 3.7 times, p ≤ 0.001) were independently associated with Alcohol use respectively .Those FSWs have first sex and first started sex work at age 15-20 years were 6.3 (p ≤ 0.05) and 2.4 (p ≤ 0.05) times more likely to use alcohol . One significant finding is those female sex workers were less likely to use alcohol consumption that has 5-9 clients per week. Alcohol using older (25+ years) FSWs were 9 times more likely to have HIV. Married FSWs those using alcohol, were less likely to have HIV, and those alcohol using FSWs aged at first sex was 15-20 years, 5 times more likely to have HIV seropositivity. Alcohol using FSWs were 30 times more likely to have HIV, who served their client at Lodge/ Hotel. Conclusion:The findings suggest a need to integrate intervention for alcohol use and related problems in multilevel contexts and with multiple components to effectively reduce alcohol use and to mitigate inconsistent condom use.

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“…One of the groups of women at highest risk of contracting AIDS is women who engage in prostitution (4,5). AIDS and other contagious diseases are primarily behavior related, and various studies carried out by experts suggest that understanding the motivation of this group to engage in risky sexual behaviors relating to AIDS will play a key role in reducing its incidence (6)(7)(8)(9). Health education experts use behavioral science theories as suitable strategies to identify the beliefs and values underlying our understanding of risky behaviors, and to motivate new and sustainable behaviors (10).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of the Effect of Schema Therapy and Cognitive Group Therapy on Depression in Women Engaging in High-Risk Sexual Behaviors Who Were Referred to Hamadan Health Center

Sabet¹,

Nejad²,

Khalatbari³

2016

Avicenna J Neuro Psych Physio

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Background: Treatment for psychological disorders is generally based on signs and symptoms, and research in this area has shown that major depression has become one of the most significant psychiatric disorders of the last decade. Objectives: This study was conducted to compare the effects of schema therapy and cognitive group therapy on women with depression who were engaging in high-risk sexual behaviors and were referred to the Hamadan Health Center for AIDS testing. Patients and Methods:This research was done at the Hamadan shohada infirmary from 2015 to 2016 and was confirmed by the ethics committee of Hamadan University of Medical Sciences. It was a semi-experimental study using single stage cluster sampling. The statistical sample consisted of 500 women ranging in age from 20 to 60 years old with at least a diploma. The women were engaging in high-risk sexual behaviors and were referred to the health center for AIDS testing. Psychologists and a physician conducted a diagnostic interview, and 217 subjects were randomly chosen using a sample volume formula, in addition to Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS). Eighty five of the subjects were diagnosed with depression, of whom 45 were chosen randomly and divided into three groups of 15 consisting of two experimental groups and one control group. Twelve sessions of cognitive group therapy and 12 sessions of schema therapy were implemented for 90 minutes per session. At the end of the training period, the three groups were post-tested and depression components were then investigated in the pretest and post-test results. Results: The findings support the idea that a significant difference exists in terms of the mean of depression between schema therapy and cognitive therapy, as follows: F (1, 41) = 60.650 P < 0.01. Conclusions:The results show that schema therapy is more effective than cognitive group therapy for treating depression in women engaging in high-risk sexual behaviors.

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Pathways to sex-work in Nagaland, India: implications for HIV prevention and community mobilisation

Cited by 57 publications

References 8 publications

Circumstances, experiences and processes surrounding women's entry into sex work in India

Circumstances, experiences and processes surrounding women's entry into sex work in India

Understanding the Factors Associated with Alcohol Use among Female Sex Workers in a High HIV Prevalence Northeast State of India

Comparison of the Effect of Schema Therapy and Cognitive Group Therapy on Depression in Women Engaging in High-Risk Sexual Behaviors Who Were Referred to Hamadan Health Center

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