“…In order to understand the extent to which this kind of variation is evident in IB discourse, the present study uses a corpus-assisted discourse studies (CADS) approach (Partington, 2004(Partington, , 2023Partington et al, 2013) to examine linguistic patterns around the node international baccalaureate in a 28 million word corpus of global press articles. Previ-ous studies on the IB have tended to be small-scale and specific, focusing on how IB programs are implemented in particular schools (e.g., Bittencourt, 2021), individual countries such as Poland (Leek, 2022), Costa Rica and Peru (Beech et al, 2022), or particular regions such as Asia-Pacific (Engel, 2022). Whilst such studies provide important insights into how IB programs are transformed in local settings (Resnik, 2019;Steiner-Khamsi & Dugonjic, 2018), local or individual perspectives do not show systematic issues, and so fail to capture the global or transnational role of the IB and how it is perceived more broadly.…”