Pathways regulating lens induction in the mouse

Lang, Richard A.

doi:10.1387/ijdb.041903rl

Cited by 157 publications

(127 citation statements)

References 77 publications

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“…10 In mice, it is regulated by Six3 and Lmx1b, and together with Sox2, acts on the surface ectoderm to regulate the expression of crystalline genes. 13,14 Molecules like FGF2, TGFb1, TGFb2, and Bmp7 are also involved in regulating expression of Pax6. FGF2 participates in the process of invagination of the optic vesicle; together with Bmp7, it regulates the optimal level of Pax6 expression.…”

Section: Embryologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Corneal endothelium: developmental strategies for regeneration

Zavala

Jaime

Barrientos

et al. 2013

Eye

111

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The main treatment available for restoration of the corneal endothelium is keratoplasty. This procedure is faced with several difficulties, including the shortage of donor tissue, postsurgical complications associated with the use of drugs to prevent immune rejection, and a significant increase in the occurrence of glaucoma. Recently, surgical procedures such as Descemet's stripping endothelial keratoplasty have focused on the transplant of corneal endothelium, yielding better visual results but still facing the need for donor tissue. The emergent strategies in the field of cell biology and tissue cultivation of corneal endothelial cells aim at the production of transplantable endothelial cell sheets. Cell therapy focuses on the culture of corneal endothelial cells retrieved from the donor, in the donor's cornea, followed by transplantation into the recipient. Recently, research has focused on overcoming the challenge of harvesting human corneal endothelial cells and the generation of new biomembranes to be used as cell scaffolds in surgical procedures. The use of corneal endothelial precursors from the peripheral cornea has also demonstrated to be effective and represents a valuable tool for reducing the risk of rejection in allogeneic transplants. Several animal model reports also support the use of adult stem cells as therapy for corneal diseases. Current results represent important progresses in the development of new strategies based on alternative sources of tissue for the treatment of corneal endotheliopathies. Different databases were used to search literature: PubMed, Google Books, MD Consult, Google Scholar, Gene Cards, and NCBI Books. The main search terms used were: 'cornea AND embryology AND transcription factors', 'human endothelial keratoplasty AND risk factors', '(cornea OR corneal) AND (endothelium OR endothelial) AND cell culture', 'mesenchymal stem cells AND cell therapy', 'mesenchymal stem cells AND cornea', and 'stem cells AND (cornea OR corneal) AND (endothelial OR endothelium)'.

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Section: Embryologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Corneal endothelium: developmental strategies for regeneration

Zavala

Jaime

Barrientos

et al. 2013

Eye

111

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“…During embryogenesis, vertebrate lens epithelial cells begin development in the head ectoderm (Beebe and Coats, 2000;Lang, 2004;Lang and McAvoy, 2004;Robinson, 2006). The presumptive lens ectoderm (PLE) overlies the embryonic optic vesicle (OV) (Figure 2A).…”

Section: Biological Origins Of Lens Epithelial Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The lens epithelium: Focus on the expression and function of the α-crystallin chaperones

Andley

2008

The International Journal of Biochemistry & Cell Biology

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Lens epithelial cells are the parental cells responsible for growth and development of the transparent ocular lens. Many elegant investigations into their biology have focused on the factors that initiate and regulate lens epithelial cell differentiation. Because they serve key transport and cell maintenance functions throughout life, and are the primary source of metabolic activity in the lens, mechanisms to maintain lens epithelial cell integrity and survival are critical for lens transparency. The molecular chaperones α-crystallins are abundant proteins synthesized in the differentiated lens fiber cell cytoplasm. However, their expression in lens epithelial cells has only been appreciated very recently. Besides their important roles in the refractive and light focusing properties of the lens, α-crystallins have been implicated in a number of non-refractive pathways including those involving stress response, apoptosis and cell survival. The most convincing evidence for their importance in the lens epithelium has been shown by studies on the properties of lens epithelial cells from αA and αB-crystallin gene knockout mice. The effective combination of genetics, cell and molecular biology possible with lens epithelial cells is attracting an increasing number of researchers focused on understanding how lens epithelial cells coordinate survival, proliferation and differentiation. Cell facts• Lens epithelial cells are responsible for the growth and development of the entire ocular lens • Lens development is controlled by cell cycle regulators, signaling molecules and growth factors such as FGF • Lens epithelial cells express members of the small heat shock protein family of molecular chaperones, αA and βB-crystallins, the first crystallins to be expressed during lens development • α-Crystallins likely protect lens epithelial cells from environmental stress throughout life, and thus may delay the onset of age-related cataract • Lens epithelial cell proliferation is deregulated in posterior capsule opacification leading to secondary cataract, a complication in up to 50% of cataract surgeries Publisher's Disclaimer: This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers

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“…The vertebrate lens begins as a thickening of the surface ectoderm to form a lens placode (Lang, 2004;Lovicu and Robinson, 2004;Vihtelic, 2008;Schoenwolf and Larsen, 2009). The mammalian and avian lens placode undergoes invagination and pinches off from the surface ectoderm as a hollow lens vesicle.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early lens development in the zebrafish: A three‐dimensional time‐lapse analysis

Greiling

Clark

2009

Developmental Dynamics

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In vivo, high-resolution, time-lapse imaging characterized lens development in the zebrafish from 16 to 96 hr postfertilization (hpf). In zebrafish, the lens placode appeared in the head ectoderm, similar to mammals. Delamination of the surface ectoderm resulted in the formation of the lens mass, which progressed to a solid sphere of cells separating from the developing cornea at approximately 24 hpf. A lens vesicle was not observed and apoptosis was not a major factor in separation of the lens from the future cornea. Differentiation of primary fibers began in the lens mass followed by formation of the anterior epithelium after delamination was complete. Secondary fibers differentiated from elongating epithelial cells near the posterior pole. Quantification characterized three stages of lens growth. The study confirmed the advantages of live-cell imaging for three-dimensional quantitative structural characterization of the mechanism(s) responsible for cell differentiation in formation of a transparent, symmetric, and refractile lens.

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Pathways regulating lens induction in the mouse

Cited by 157 publications

References 77 publications

Corneal endothelium: developmental strategies for regeneration

Corneal endothelium: developmental strategies for regeneration

The lens epithelium: Focus on the expression and function of the α-crystallin chaperones

Early lens development in the zebrafish: A three‐dimensional time‐lapse analysis

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