Pathways of personality and learning risk for addictive behaviors: A systematic review of mediational research on the acquired preparedness model

Halvorson, Max A.; Lengua, Liliana J.; Smith, Gregory T.; King, Kevin M.

doi:10.1111/jopy.12761

Cited by 7 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 126 publications

(137 reference statements)

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“…Consistent with this theory, studies indicate that youth with more positive eating expectancies evidence greater increases in bingeeating symptoms over time (Halvorson et al, 2022;Smith et al, 2007) and EMA studies indicate that momentary increases in eating expectancies contribute to immediate risk for experiencing binge-eating episodes among individuals with binge-eating pathology (Pearson et al, 2018;.…”

Section: Eating Expectanciesmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…Within the field of eating disorders, researchers have suggested that past experiences of reward from food may contribute to positive eating expectancies (e.g., eating will lead to reductions in negative affect), which could increase risk for subsequent binge eating (Hohlstein et al, 1998). Consistent with this theory, studies indicate that youth with more positive eating expectancies evidence greater increases in binge‐eating symptoms over time (Halvorson et al, 2022; Smith et al, 2007) and EMA studies indicate that momentary increases in eating expectancies contribute to immediate risk for experiencing binge‐eating episodes among individuals with binge‐eating pathology (Pearson et al, 2018; Schaefer et al, 2021).…”

Section: Reward‐related Processes Implicated In Binge‐eating Pathologymentioning

confidence: 93%

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Integrating aspects of affect, reward, and cognition to develop more comprehensive models of binge‐eating pathology

Schaefer

Forester

Dvorak

et al. 2023

Intl J Eating Disorders

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Reward‐related processes are an increasing focus of eating disorders research. Although evidence suggests that numerous distinct reward processes may contribute to eating pathology (e.g., reward learning and delay discounting), existing etiological models of reward dysfunction tend to focus on only a limited number of reward processes, and frequently lack specificity when identifying the individual reward processes hypothesized to contribute to dysregulated eating behavior. Moreover, existing theories have been limited in their integration of reward‐related processes with other demonstrated risk and maintenance factors for eating disorders (e.g., affect and cognition), potentially contributing to underdeveloped models of eating pathology. In this article, we highlight five distinct reward processes with theorized or demonstrated relevance to eating disorders involving binge‐eating, followed by a review of two well‐established risk/maintenance factors for binge‐eating pathology. We then introduce two novel models of binge eating onset and maintenance that integrate these factors (i.e., the Affect, Reward, Cognition models), and discuss methods for testing each of the models in future research. Ultimately, we hope that the proposed models provide a springboard for the continued evolution of more precise and comprehensive theories of reward dysfunction in the eating disorders, as well as the development of novel intervention approaches.Public Significance StatementEating disorders are associated with abnormalities in multiple domains of reward functioning. However, models of reward dysfunction within the eating disorders have not been well‐integrated with prominent models of affect and cognition. This article presents two novel models of onset and maintenance for binge‐eating pathology, which attempt to integrate observed reward abnormalities with other affective and cognitive processes implicated in binge‐type eating disorders.

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Section: Eating Expectanciesmentioning

confidence: 82%

Section: Reward‐related Processes Implicated In Binge‐eating Pathologymentioning

confidence: 93%

Integrating aspects of affect, reward, and cognition to develop more comprehensive models of binge‐eating pathology

Schaefer

Forester

Dvorak

et al. 2023

Intl J Eating Disorders

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“…Finally, the current study used a measure of lack of conscientiousness that combines typical conceptualizations of lack of planning and lack of perseverance, despite research to suggest that the two may have additive effects on substance use outcomes (e.g., Argyriou et al, 2020; Waddell, Gunn, et al, 2021). In addition, acquired preparedness studies have historically focused on a lack of planning as the impulsive trait that biases the learning process related to alcohol (i.e., stronger positive expectancies; Halvorson et al, 2022). Despite research suggesting that a lack of conscientiousness is the higher‐order trait under which both lack of premeditation and lack of perseverance are nested (Cyders et al, 2014), the current study was unable to disentangle a lack of conscientiousness from these two impulsive traits.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In fact, correlations between both traits and positive expectancies were of the same magnitude (r = 0.34, p < 0.001). Thus, although the APM has historically focused on generalized impulsivity/a lack of conscientiousness (Halvorson et al, 2022;Smith & Anderson, 2001) pectancies (e.g., Lee et al, 2018;Waddell, Sternberg, et al, 2021).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Multilevel longitudinal relations among impulsive traits, positive expectancies, and binge drinking from late adolescence to adulthood: A developmental test of acquired preparedness

Waddell

Chassin

2023

Alcohol: Clinical and Experimental Research

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Background:The Acquired Preparedness Model (APM) posits that highly impulsive individuals develop stronger positive alcohol expectancies, which in turn predicts heavier drinking. However, most acquired preparedness studies have focused solely on between-person relations, despite the theory suggesting that there are potential developmental-specific within-person relations. Thus, the current study tested the APM from late adolescence into adulthood, while disaggregating within-from between-person relations.Methods: Data come from a multigenerational study of familial alcohol use disorder (N=653) spanning three waves 5 years apart. Participants reported their lack of conscientiousness, sensation seeking, positive alcohol expectancies, and binge drinking at each wave. First, missing data techniques were used to create a "ghost timepoint," allowing the specification of four developmental-specific timepoints representing late adolescence (age 18 to 20), emerging adulthood (age 21 to 25), young adulthood (age 26 to 29), and adulthood (age 30 to 39). Second, a Random-Intercept Cross-Lagged Panel Model tested between-person and within-person relations among variables.Results: At the between-person level, lower conscientiousness and sensation seeking were correlated with higher positive expectancies, and positive expectancies were correlated with more binge drinking. There were no within-person prospective relations among conscientiousness, sensation seeking, and positive expectancies.However, within-person increases in lack of conscientiousness during late adolescence predicted within-person increases in emerging adult binge drinking, and withinperson increases in late adolescent and emerging adult binge drinking predicted within-person increases in lack of conscientiousness during emerging and young adulthood, respectively. Similarly, within-person increases in late adolescent and young adult sensation seeking predicted within-person increases in binge drinking during emerging adulthood and adulthood, respectively. Binge drinking did not reciprocally predict sensation seeking.Conclusions: Findings suggest that acquired preparedness effects may be between persons rather than within persons. However, several within-person developmentalspecific relations among conscientiousness, sensation seeking, and binge drinking How to cite this article:

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Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Social Anxiety Disorder and Alcohol Use Disorder

Stapinski,

Guckel,

Kelly

et al. 2024

CBT: Science Into Practice

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Pathways of personality and learning risk for addictive behaviors: A systematic review of mediational research on the acquired preparedness model

Cited by 7 publications

References 126 publications

Integrating aspects of affect, reward, and cognition to develop more comprehensive models of binge‐eating pathology

Integrating aspects of affect, reward, and cognition to develop more comprehensive models of binge‐eating pathology

Multilevel longitudinal relations among impulsive traits, positive expectancies, and binge drinking from late adolescence to adulthood: A developmental test of acquired preparedness

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Social Anxiety Disorder and Alcohol Use Disorder

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