Pathways of pathogenicity: The transcriptional stages of germination in the fatal fungal pathogen <i>Rhizopus delemar</i>

Sephton-Clark, Poppy; Muñoz, José F.; Ballou, Elizabeth R.; Cuomo, Christina A.; Voelz, Kerstin

doi:10.1101/330969

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 76 publications

(65 reference statements)

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“…The necessity of genes involved in chitin synthesis and regulation appeared important for both R. delemar and R. microsporus in response to phagocytosis (Supplemental Figure S4). In previous work we also highlighted the importance of chitin synthase for germination (Sephton-Clark et al 2018). When fungal spores were pre-treated with the chitin synthesis inhibitor Nikkomycin Z (24 μg/ml), spores failed to germinate, displayed less chitin/chitosan in their outer cell wall (Supplemental Figure S5) and macrophage survival was increased at 7.5 hours post infection (Figure 8).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 75%

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Bacterial endosymbionts influence fungal transcriptional profiles with implications for host response in the human fungal pathogensRhizopus microsporusandRhizopus delemar

Sephton-Clark

Itabangi

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Mucorales spores, the causative agents of mucormycosis, interact with the innate immune system to cause acute, chronic, or resolving infection. Understanding the factors that influence disease initiation and progression is key to understanding mucormycosis and developing new treatments. Complicating this, mucormycosis can be caused by a number of species that span the Mucorales genus and may be host to bacterial endosymbionts. This study sets out to examine the differences between two species in the Mucorales order by characterising their differential interactions with the innate immune system, and their interactions with environmental bacterial endosymbionts. Through a holistic approach, this study examines the transcriptional responses ofRhizopus delemarandRhizopus microsporus,two of the most commonly diagnosed species, to innate immune cells. This study also examines the immune cell response and assesses the variation in these responses, given the presence or absence of bacterial endosymbionts within the fungi. We see that the fungal response is driven by interaction with innate immune cells. The effect of the bacterial endosymbiont on the fungus is species specific, with a minimal in the absence of stress, but strongly influencing fungal transcripts during interaction with innate immune cells. In contrast, we observe that the macrophage response varies depending on the infecting fungal species, but also depending on endosymbiont status. The most successful macrophages elicit a pro-inflammatory response, and we see that through germination inhibition macrophage survival is enhanced. This work reveals species-specific host responses to related Mucorales spores and shows that bacterial endosymbionts impact the innate immune cell response.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 75%

“…R. delemar exhibits rapid germination followed by hyphal extension (Sephton-Clark et al, 2018). The transcriptional profile we observe here in macrophages exposed to R. delemar is consistent with a strong damage response, likely prompted by the germination of R. delemar spores.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacterial endosymbionts influence fungal transcriptional profiles with implications for host response in the human fungal pathogensRhizopus microsporusandRhizopus delemar

Sephton-Clark

Itabangi

et al. 2019

Preprint

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“…However, the routes of infection of pathogenic fungi remain unknown. Several studies have reported fungal spores dispersed in air are associated with pulmonary or disseminated infections [13], propagules present in soil and plant debris are related to cutaneous/subcutaneous mycosis in the warm-blooded host [14], and the hypothesis of infection via plants or by animals [15]. In addition, fungi colonize the skin, hair, and nails, which use keratin as a nutrient source [16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Insights on Environmental Occurrence of Pathogenic Fungi Based on Metagenomic Data from Brazilian Cerrado Biome

Costa

Souza

Voidaleski

et al. 2022

Braz. arch. biol. technol.

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Cerrado is the second largest biome in Brazil and majorly contributes to the country's grain production. Previous studies on soil metagenomics from the Cerrado revealed an outstanding microbial diversity. In this study, the abundance of pathogenic fungi was analyzed using metagenomic sequences of the Cerrado soils under native vegetation, and under agriculture with no-tillage and conventional tillage. In total, 128,627 sequences of fungi were identified, with 43,439 representing pathogenic fungi and were distributed as follows: native 17,301 (40%), no-tillage 13,780 (32%), and conventional tillage 12,358 (28%). We identified 41 pathogenic fungal species associated with human and animal infections. The data analysis revealed that the native soils had a higher relative abundance of fungal sequences, similar to pathogenic species sequences, in relation to the total eukaryotic sequences, than the conventional tillage and no-tillage treatments, which observed a reduction in fungal abundance because of anthropogenic activities.

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“…S1) (Lau et al 2020; Xie et al 2020; Xie et al 2021) and Fusarium graminearum (Kim et al 2018), the representative species of the phyla Basidiomycota and Ascomycota, respectively, from sexual or asexual spore germination to vegetative growth and to sexual reproduction, were acquired and analysed. Additionally, the germination process of Rhizopus delemar (Sephton-Clark et al 2018), a Mucoromycota, was included in the examination. We aimed to (i) provide a more detailed developmental hourglass model in fungi; (ii) reveal the similarities and differences on gene expressions and functional features during the developmental process in fungal species, and across the kingdoms Animalia, Plantae, and Fungi.…”

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confidence: 99%

The Phylotranscriptomic Hourglass Pattern in Fungi: An Updated Model

Xie

Kwan

Chan

et al. 2022

Preprint

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The "developmental hourglass" describes the morphological convergence to a conserved form at mid-stages of animal embryogenesis. The molecular hourglass pattern during embryogenesis was also identified across kingdoms. Previously, we reported young fruiting body as the conserved "waist" in mushroom-forming "developmental hourglass". However, its robustness is doubted because of the fungal diversity. Additionally, fungi lack embryogenesis, and develop directly from spore to hyphae with morphological similarities during the transition. Here, we updated the "developmental hourglass" model in the life cycle of fungi, namely, spore germination, vegetative growth, and sexual reproduction. Germinating spores, both sexual and asexual, showed the strongest transcriptomic conservation signals across the phyla Mucoromycota, Ascomycota and Basidiomycota. Cross kingdom comparisons revealed high expression levels of "information storage and processing" genes at the waist stages of embryonic and non-embryonic developments in animals, plants, and fungi. The "developmental hourglass" might reflect the mutual transcriptome switches on developmental transitions in eukaryotes that are additional to embryonic organogenesis.

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Pathways of pathogenicity: The transcriptional stages of germination in the fatal fungal pathogen Rhizopus delemar

Abstract: word count: 197 16 Text word count: 4883 17 2 Abstract 18

Cited by 3 publications

References 76 publications

Bacterial endosymbionts influence fungal transcriptional profiles with implications for host response in the human fungal pathogensRhizopus microsporusandRhizopus delemar

Bacterial endosymbionts influence fungal transcriptional profiles with implications for host response in the human fungal pathogensRhizopus microsporusandRhizopus delemar

New Insights on Environmental Occurrence of Pathogenic Fungi Based on Metagenomic Data from Brazilian Cerrado Biome

The Phylotranscriptomic Hourglass Pattern in Fungi: An Updated Model

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