Pathways of carbon cycling in marine surface waters: the fate of small-sized phytoplankton in the Northeast Water Polynya

Pesant, Stéphane; Legendre, Louis; Gosselin, Michel; Bjørnsen, Peter Koefoed; Fortier, Louis; Jl, Michaud; Nielsen, Torkel Gissel

doi:10.1093/plankt/22.4.779

Cited by 17 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Since the house is relatively small (2.5 mm; Flood & Deibel 1998) and aggregation of particles is highly size-dependent, it may not collect many particles while it sinks through the water column. Its small size and thickness also make it more vulnerable to fragmentation or recycling within the surface waters (Pesant et al 2000). The same argument holds for the small pellets produced by O. dioica.…”

Section: Production and Sedimentation Of Faecal Pellets And Appendicumentioning

confidence: 82%

“…), compact appendicularian faeces probably had high densities and sinking rates, explaining the high flux of these small faeces (Urban et al 1992(Urban et al , 1993. Appendicularian grazing thus increases the downward export of small-sized phytoplankton (Pesant et al 2000). In addition, the total faecal flux increased markedly with increasing depth, suggesting a low degree of recycling by processes such as turnover by zooplankton (Bathmann et al 1987, Lampitt et al 1990, Noji et al 1991.…”

Section: Production and Sedimentation Of Faecal Pellets And Appendicumentioning

confidence: 99%

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Importance of copepods versus appendicularians in vertical carbon fluxes in a Swedish fjord

Vargas¹,

Tönnesson²,

Sell³

et al. 2002

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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We examined and quantified the contributions of copepods and appendicularians to the vertical flux of carbon during autumn and spring in Gullmar Fjord (west coast of Sweden). Faecal pellet-production rate was determined for major copepod and appendicularian species. In addition, house-production rates were estimated for the appendicularian Oikopleura dioica. Vertical flux of pigments, faecal carbon and appendicularian houses were measured using short-term (24 h) deployments of sediment traps at 2 depths (15 and 30 m). Copepods dominated the community biomass in both spring and autumn and their pellets dominated the faecal carbon flux. O. dioica houses with attached detritus were an important component of the biogenic carbon flux in October (15.3 mg C m -2 d -1), equalling the contribution from copepods at 15 m and 50% of the flux at 30 m. At that time, we observed a loss rate of 70% d -1 of the houses produced in the water column. In the spring, although Fritillaria borealis dominated the appendicularians, its houses did not appear to contribute to the biogenic flux. Our results suggest that oikopleurids and fritillariids may not operate equivalently in biogeochemical cycles. Because of the significant contribution of appendicularians to carbon fluxes, they should be incorporated in future flow models of coastal oceans KEY WORDS: Carbon flux · Appendicularians · Copepods · Faecal pellet production · Marine snow Resale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisherMar Ecol Prog Ser 241: [125][126][127][128][129][130][131][132][133][134][135][136][137][138] 2002 extruded in short time intervals as faecal pellets (López-Urrutia & Acuña 1999). Some of these faecal pellets, together with uneaten particles, eventually clog the house, which is then abandoned and replaced by a new house, approximately 4 to 6 times per day (Deibel 1988, Alldredge 1992, Hansen et al. 1996, Sato et al. 2001. Thus, appendicularian houses together with their faecal pellets may constitute an important component of marine snow (Alldredge & Gotschalk 1990, Hansen et al. 1996. Furthermore, due to the high efficiency with which appendicularians ingest nanoplankton and picoplankton (King et al. 1980, Deibel 1988, Deibel & Lee 1992, Acuña et al. 1996, they constitute a pathway through which small cells that otherwise do not sink may be transported out of the euphotic zone. Consequently, when appendicularians are abundant, small phytoplankton cells may contribute much more to the vertical flux than when the community is dominated by copepods (Urban et al. 1992, Hansen et al. 1996.Oikopleura and Fritillaria species are abundant pelagic tunicates in coastal waters (e.g. Acuña et al. 1995, Gorsky et al. 2000. On the western Norwegian coast, O. dioica is one of the most widely distributed species (Gorsky et al. 2000). In the Kattegat, appendicularians also represent an important component of the zooplankton community during the autumn and spring blooms (Nielsen & Hansen 1999). The abundance of copepods in these bo...

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Section: Production and Sedimentation Of Faecal Pellets And Appendicumentioning

confidence: 82%

Section: Production and Sedimentation Of Faecal Pellets And Appendicumentioning

confidence: 99%

Importance of copepods versus appendicularians in vertical carbon fluxes in a Swedish fjord

Vargas¹,

Tönnesson²,

Sell³

et al. 2002

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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“…Arctic ecosystems are characterized by extreme seasonality, which is determined by large annual change in solar radiation, and associated pronounced variability in the water temperature and sea ice cover that limit and control primary production rates and duration (Hegseth, 1998;Leu et al, 2011;Sakshaug et al, 2009). Thus, the population dynamics of zooplankton, in relation to the short annual pulse of food, is of great importance in such high-latitude areas, particularly for herbivorous species (Madsen et al, 2001;Niehoff et al, 2002;Nielsen and Hansen, 1995;Pesant et al, 2000;Wassmann et al, 1991). The timing of seasonal vertical migration and reproduction will determine which organisms will profit from the spring bloom, and hence will regulate the transfer of biomass (and energy) produced during this period (Durant et al, 2007;Fortier et al, 1995;Levinsen et al, 2000;Platt et al, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mesozooplankton dynamics in relation to food availability during spring and early summer in a high latitude glaciated fjord (Kongsfjorden), with focus on Calanus

Kwaśniewski

Walkusz

Cottier

et al. 2013

Journal of Marine Systems

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The timing of zooplankton reproduction in relation to spring pelagic bloom is essential in determining grazers' recruitment success and the transport of biomass through the system. At high latitudes marine ecosystems are characterized by extreme seasonality with the production of autotrophes concentrated during the spring. In two consecutive years we studied mesozooplankton during spring and early summer in Kongsfjorden, Svalbard (79°N), aiming at identifying the main grazers and understanding what affects the timing in zooplankton. The main grazers were females and nauplii of holoplanktonic Calanus, together with meroplanktonic Cirripedia nauplii and Polychaeta larvae. The appearing of offspring and larvae showed a correlation with the spring bloom which occurred earlier in 2004 compared to 2003. The Arctic Calanus glacialis reproduced before its Atlantic counterpart Calanus finmarchicus and prior to the bloom. In the Arctic regions decreasing sea ice cover as a result of climate change is expected to alter the timing of the spring bloom which in turn will pose a need for the zooplankton to adjust their reproduction activities. Subsequently, this adjustment will influence ecosystem functioning mainly by modifying particulate organic matter and energy fluxes.

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“…Most biological investigations of the region have been conducted in the recurrently open waters of the Northeast Water Polynya on the northeast Greenlandic shelf (e.g. Ashjian et al 1997, Booth & Smith 1997, von Quillfeldt 1997, Pesant et al 2000, which is characterised by a physical regime somewhat different from that of the East Greenland Current. Further, little work has been conducted on the microbial community in the western part of Fram Strait (but see e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial communities and processes in ice-covered Arctic waters of the northwestern Fram Strait (75 to 80°N) during the vernal pre-bloom phase

Seuthe¹,

Töpper²,

Reigstad³

et al. 2011

Aquat. Microb. Ecol.

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Pathways of carbon cycling in marine surface waters: the fate of small-sized phytoplankton in the Northeast Water Polynya

Cited by 17 publications

References 32 publications

Importance of copepods versus appendicularians in vertical carbon fluxes in a Swedish fjord

Importance of copepods versus appendicularians in vertical carbon fluxes in a Swedish fjord

Mesozooplankton dynamics in relation to food availability during spring and early summer in a high latitude glaciated fjord (Kongsfjorden), with focus on Calanus

Microbial communities and processes in ice-covered Arctic waters of the northwestern Fram Strait (75 to 80°N) during the vernal pre-bloom phase

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