Pathways Linking Nutritional Status and Infectious Disease: Causal and Conceptual Frameworks

Humphries, Debbie; Scott, Marilyn; Vermund, Sten H.

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-56913-6_1

Cited by 11 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 106 publications

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“…Habitat alterations are almost always followed by changing availability and quality of food resources for wildlife which can alter host–parasite interactions and the frequency and intensity of disease outbreaks. The mechanism(s) by which changing food resources may affect disease (transmission) dynamics through altering host–pathogen interactions include (i) behavioural changes that alter host's contact with other hosts or vectors [ 5 , 6 ], (ii) changes in host abundance and density through demographic shifts (increase and decrease in birth and death rates) and (iii) changing host physiology and immune defence [ 3 , 7 , 8 ]. Here, we examine the latter—the effect of food deprivation on host resistance to a viral pathogen.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In particular, food deprivation may reduce cytokine production, cause immune organs to atrophy and reduce populations of immune cells [ 12 ]. In the absence of a properly functioning immune system, pathogen replication may be unchecked leading to higher pathogen loads and delayed recovery rates, and lengthening the time the host is infectious [ 8 , 13 ]. The duration and intensity (i.e.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Reservoir hosts experiencing food stress alter transmission dynamics for a zoonotic pathogen

et al. 2021

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Food limitation is a universal stressor for wildlife populations and is increasingly exacerbated by human activities. Anthropogenic environmental change can significantly alter the availability and quality of food resources for reservoir hosts and impact host–pathogen interactions in the wild. The state of the host's nutritional reserves at the time of infection is a key factor influencing infection outcomes by altering host resistance. Combining experimental and model-based approaches, we investigate how an environmental stressor affects host resistance to West Nile virus (WNV). Using American robins ( Turdus migratorius ), a species considered a superspreader of WNV, we tested the effect of acute food deprivation immediately prior to infection on host viraemia. Here, we show that robins food deprived for 48 h prior to infection, developed higher virus titres and were infectious longer than robins fed normally. To gain an understanding about the epidemiological significance of food-stressed hosts, we developed an agent-based model that simulates transmission dynamics of WNV between an avian host and the mosquito vector. When simulating a nutritionally stressed host population, the mosquito infection rate rose significantly, reaching levels that represent an epidemiological risk. An understanding of the infection disease dynamics in wild populations is critical to predict and mitigate zoonotic disease outbreaks.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reservoir hosts experiencing food stress alter transmission dynamics for a zoonotic pathogen

et al. 2021

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“…Although the virulence of the microorganism determines the damages made by the microorganisms to the host cells before they are cleared by host immunity, this microbial virulence alone does not account for the virulence of disease [ 66 , 76 ]. Most of the virulence of an infectious or chronic non-infectious disease is the result of the overactive inflammation response of our immune system [ 66 , 76 ], which turns local transient inflammation into systemic or chronic inflammation. The driving force for such an inflammatory transition is overnutrition.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence and Therapeutic Perspectives in the Relationship between the Oral Microbiome and Alzheimer’s Disease: A Systematic Review

Maitre

Mahalli

Micheneau

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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This review aims to clarify the nature of the link between Alzheimer’s disease and the oral microbiome on an epidemiological and pathophysiological level, as well as to highlight new therapeutic perspectives that contribute to the management of this disease. We performed a systematic review, following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews checklist, from January 2000 to July 2021. The terms “plaque,” “saliva,” and “mouth” were associated with the search term “oral diseases” and used in combination with the Boolean operator “AND”/”OR”. We included experimental or clinical studies and excluded conferences, abstracts, reviews, and editorials. A total of 27 articles were selected. Evidence for the impact of the oral microbiome on the pathophysiological and immunoinflammatory mechanisms of Alzheimer’s disease is accumulating. The impact of the oral microbiome on the development of AD opens the door to complementary therapies such as phototherapy and/or the use of prebiotic compounds and probiotic strains for global or targeted modulation of the oral microbiome in order to have a favourable influence on the evolution of this pathology in the future.

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Section: Agricultural Productivity and Income Can Help Improve Health...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Over 800 million people around the globe still experience undernutrition, either from deficiencies of macronutrients like proteins or micronutrients such as vitamins [5]. About half the adults worldwide are overweight or obese, leading to rising NCDs such as diabetes and hypertension [5]. In many LMICs, childhood malnutrition in stunting, severe wasting, and intrauterine growth restriction accounts for about 2.2 million deaths and a 21% of the disability-adjusted life years of children aged under five years [6].…”

Section: Agricultural Productivity and Income Can Help Improve Health...mentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of agriculture in achieving Universal Health Coverage in Africa

Frimpong

Vermund

2022

J Glob Health

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Agricultural revenues as sources of health financingMany successful UHC initiatives in LMICs rely on significant increases in taxation and public spending, requiring income generation. While external donor funding can catalyse LMICs to finance their UHC efforts, domestic health resources must be increased to ensure that predictable and sustainable funding is available. Ghana is one such nation that can improve its domestic fundraising towards UHC through cocoa revenues. As the world's second-leading exporter of cocoa, Ghana earns about US $2 billion in yearly export revenue from the crop [3]. Still, its once highly touted National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS) faces significant financing challenges that

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Pathways Linking Nutritional Status and Infectious Disease: Causal and Conceptual Frameworks

Cited by 11 publications

References 106 publications

Reservoir hosts experiencing food stress alter transmission dynamics for a zoonotic pathogen

Reservoir hosts experiencing food stress alter transmission dynamics for a zoonotic pathogen

Evidence and Therapeutic Perspectives in the Relationship between the Oral Microbiome and Alzheimer’s Disease: A Systematic Review

The role of agriculture in achieving Universal Health Coverage in Africa

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