Pathways and Mechanisms of Foliar Uptake as Influenced by Surfactants

Stevens, Peter J.; Gaskin, R.E.; Hong, S. O.; Zabkiewicz, J. A.

doi:10.1201/9781351069502-36

Cited by 6 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…The primary advantage of organosilicons over other surfactants is the ability to promote stomatal infiltration and mass flow of foliar-applied solutions ( Neumann and Prinz, 1974 ). In contrast, conventional surfactants act mostly by increasing cuticular penetration as they lower surface tension to a lesser extent ( Stevens et al., 1992 ). Whilst all surfactants lower the surface tension of spray droplets and improve their spread across leaf surfaces, organosilicons reduce surface tension to a greater extent.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Stomatal infiltration only occurs when the surface tension of a solutions is below the critical surface tension ( Zisman, 1964 ) and the contact angle is smaller than the angle of pore walls ( Schönherr et al., 2005 ), which organosilicons allow ( Field and Bishop, 1988 ; Stevens, 1993 ; Zabkiewicz, 2000 ; Schönherr et al., 2005 ). Organosilicons have also been shown to improve the translocation of agrochemicals within plants due to stomatal infiltration allowing solutions to be deposited closer to vascular tissues where loading can occur ( Stevens and Zabkiewicz, 1990 ; Stevens et al., 1992 ). The mechanisms of action for organosilicon need critical review as the only comprehensive review currently available ( Knoche, 1994 ) is now nearly thirty years old.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Selected adjuvants increase the efficacy of foliar biofortification of iodine in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grain

Magor,

Wilson,

Wong

et al. 2023

Front. Plant Sci.

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Agronomic biofortification of crops is a promising approach that can improve the nutritional value of staple foods by alleviating dietary micronutrient deficiencies. Iodine deficiency is prevalent in many countries, including Australia, but it is not clear what foliar application strategies will be effective for iodine fortification of grain. This study hypothesised that combining adjuvants with iodine in foliar sprays would improve iodine penetration in wheat, leading to more efficient biofortification of grains. The glasshouse experiment included a total of nine treatments, including three reference controls: 1) Water; 2) potassium iodate (KIO3) and 3) potassium chloride (KCl); and a series of six different non-ionic surfactant or oil-based adjuvants: 4) KIO3 + BS1000; 5) KIO3 + Pulse® Penetrant; 6) KIO3 + Uptake®; 7) KIO3 + Hot-Up®; 8) KIO3 + Hasten® and 9) KIO3 + Synerterol® Horti Oil. Wheat was treated at heading, and again during the early milk growth stage. Adding the organosilicon-based adjuvant (Pulse®) to the spray formulation resulted in a significant increase in grain loading of iodine to 1269 µg/kg compared to the non-adjuvant KIO3 control at 231µg/kg, and the water and KCl controls (both 51µg/kg). The second most effective adjuvant was Synerterol® Horti Oil, which increased grain iodine significantly to 450µg/kg. The Uptake®, BS1000, Hasten®, and Hot-Up® adjuvants did not affect grain iodine concentrations relative to the KIO3 control. Importantly, iodine application and the subsequent increase in grain iodine had no significant effects on biomass production and grain yield relative to the controls. These results indicate that adjuvants can play an important role in agronomic biofortification practices, and organosilicon-based products have a great potential to enhance foliar penetration resulting in a higher translocation rate of foliar-applied iodine to grains, which is required to increase the iodine density of staple grains effectively.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selected adjuvants increase the efficacy of foliar biofortification of iodine in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grain

Magor,

Wilson,

Wong

et al. 2023

Front. Plant Sci.

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Surfactant Effects on Environmental Behavior of Pesticides

Katagi

2008

Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology

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Optimizing foliar activity of glyphosate on Bidens frondosa and Panicum maximum with different adjuvant types

Sharma

Singh

2000

Weed Research

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The in¯uence of non-ionic (X-77) and organosilicone (L-77) adjuvants and of methylated seed oil (MSO) on the uptake, translocation and ecacy of glyphosate was investigated in Bidens frondosa L. and Panicum maximum Jacq. In addition, the physicochemical properties of adjuvants and adjuvant + glyphosate aqueous solutions were determined. Signi®cantly lower surface tension and contact angle values were obtained with aqueous solutions of L-77 alone and with glyphosate. Over a 48-h time course, it was observed that >50% of applied 14 C-glyphosate was absorbed within 15 min in B. frondosa with L-77. At 6 h and thereafter, 14 C glyphosate absorption was signi®cantly higher with MSO compared with X-77 in B. frondosa. In P. maximum, uptake and translocation of 14 C-glyphosate + adjuvant were increased in general up to 48 h after treatment application, except with L-77, which showed no improvement in uptake ± instead there was a signi®cant reduction compared with no treatment with L-77. This indicated its antagonistic eect on this grass species. The lower values of 14 C-glyphosate in P. maximum also con®rmed that adjuvant eects were species speci®c. In the ecacy studies, glyphosate formulated with L-77 achieved signi®cantly higher control of B. frondosa, while there was no control of P. maximum with this treatment. This con®rmed antagonism in glyphosate absorption into P. maximum by L-77. Furthermore, signi®cantly higher control of tested plants was recorded with MSO in comparison to X-77, which con®rms the solubilizing or humectant nature of MSO.

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Pathways and Mechanisms of Foliar Uptake as Influenced by Surfactants

Cited by 6 publications

References 1 publication

Selected adjuvants increase the efficacy of foliar biofortification of iodine in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grain

Selected adjuvants increase the efficacy of foliar biofortification of iodine in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grain

Surfactant Effects on Environmental Behavior of Pesticides

Optimizing foliar activity of glyphosate on Bidens frondosa and Panicum maximum with different adjuvant types

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