Pathway of Glycine Betaine Biosynthesis in Aspergillus fumigatus

Lambou, Karine; Pennati, Andrea; Tada, Rui; Sherman, Stephen; Sato, Hajime; Beau, Rémi; Gadda, Giovanni; Latgé, Jean‐Paul

doi:10.1128/ec.00348-12

Cited by 35 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 60 publications

(61 reference statements)

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“…B, D and F). The ability to synthesize glycine betaine under oxic conditions from choline is found widely in bacteria (Lamark et al ., ; Boch et al ., ; Kempf and Bremer, ; Salvi et al ., ) and corresponding enzymes are also present in fungi (Lambou et al ., ). We therefore surmise that biotransformation of arsenocholine into arsenobetaine will very likely occur frequently in the microbial world.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Arsenobetaine: an ecophysiologically important organoarsenical confers cytoprotection against osmotic stress and growth temperature extremes

Hoffmann

Warmbold

Smits

et al. 2017

Environmental Microbiology

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Summary Arsenic, a highly cytotoxic and cancerogenic metalloid, is brought into the biosphere through geochemical sources and anthropogenic activities. A global biogeochemical arsenic biotransformation cycle exists in which inorganic arsenic species are transformed into organoarsenicals, which are subsequently mineralized again into inorganic arsenic compounds. Microorganisms contribute to this biotransformation process greatly and one of the organoarsenicals synthesized and degraded in this cycle is arsenobetaine. Its nitrogen‐containing homologue glycine betaine is probably the most frequently used compatible solute on Earth. Arsenobetaine is found in marine and terrestrial habitats and even in deep‐sea hydrothermal vent ecosystems. Despite its ubiquitous occurrence, the biological function of arsenobetaine has not been comprehensively addressed. Using Bacillus subtilis as a well‐understood platform for the study of microbial osmostress adjustment systems, we ascribe here to arsenobetaine both a protective function against high osmolarity and a cytoprotective role against extremes in low and high growth temperatures. We define a biosynthetic route for arsenobetaine from the precursor arsenocholine that relies on enzymes and genetic regulatory circuits for glycine betaine formation from choline, identify the uptake systems for arsenobetaine and arsenocholine, and describe crystal structures of ligand‐binding proteins from the OpuA and OpuB ABC transporters complexed with either arsenobetaine or arsenocholine.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Arsenobetaine: an ecophysiologically important organoarsenical confers cytoprotection against osmotic stress and growth temperature extremes

Hoffmann

Warmbold

Smits

et al. 2017

Environmental Microbiology

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“…starkeyi (family Lipomycetaceae) was previously known to lack a CMO1 homolog, although this species can utilize choline as a nitrogen source (Linder, ). It has been hypothesized that this species uses a different pathway for choline assimilation more reminiscent of filamentous ascomycete fungi (Lambou et al, ). Galactomyces candidus was the only currently sequenced species in the Leu0 outgroup to possess a CMO1 ortholog.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A genomic survey of nitrogen assimilation pathways in budding yeasts (sub‐phylum Saccharomycotina)

Linder

2018

Yeast

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Sequenced genomes of 149 species of budding yeast (including 62 species with draft genomes that currently lack gene annotations) were surveyed for the presence of 24 genes associated with the assimilation of amines, uracil, dihydropyrimidines, purines, uric acid, allantoin, and nitrate as nitrogen sources. Genes for the assimilation of primary amines were distributed broadly across the Saccharomycotina while choline assimilation appeared to be mostly restricted to the families Debaryomycetaceae, Metschnikowiaceae, and Pichiaceae. Conversely, the uracil catabolic pathway was completely absent in Debaryomycetaceae and Metschnikowiaceae but present in the majority of the remaining Saccharomycotina. The super-pathway for assimilation of purines, uric acid, and allantoin was present in the majority of surveyed species.Genes for the assimilation of nitrate were restricted to a minority of species in families Phaffomycetaceae, Pichiaceae, and Trichomonascaceae as well as some currently unassigned genera. This study also successfully identified yeast homologs of all six previously known eukaryotic genes involved in the biosynthesis of the molybdenum cofactor, which is required for the activity of the nitrogen assimilation-associated enzymes nitrate reductase and xanthine oxidoreductase. Analysis of 1,187 upstream intergenic regions identified three novel putative regulatory motifs for the assimilation of uracil, purines, and uric acid as well as a possible role for the MADS-box transcription factor Mcm1 in the regulation of amine assimilation genes.

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“…Pathways that catalyze the interconversion of glycine and its N-methylated derivatives sarcosine, N,Ndimethylglycine and glycine betaine have been well studied in bacteria, animal, plants and filamentous fungi (Cleland et al 2004;Lambou et al 2013). However, these pathways appear to be absent in Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrogen source-dependent inhibition of yeast growth by glycine and its N-methylated derivatives

Linder

2019

Antonie van Leeuwenhoek

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The effect of nitrogen source on the inhibitory properties of glycine and its N-methylated derivatives N-methylglycine (sarcosine), N,Ndimethylglycine, N,N,N-trimethylglycine (glycine betaine) on yeast growth was investigated. On solid minimal medium, all four glycine species completely or partially inhibited growth of Kluyveromyces lactis, Komagataella pastoris, Ogataea arabinofermentans, Spathaspora passalidarum and Yamadazyma tenuis at concentrations 5-10 mM when 10 mM NH 4 Cl was the sole source of nitrogen. If NH 4 Cl was substituted by sodium L-glutamate as the sole source of nitrogen, obvious growth inhibition by glycine and its Nmethylated derivatives was generally not observed in any of these species. No obvious growth inhibition by any of the glycine species at a concentration of 10 mM was observed in Cyberlindnera jadinii, Lipomyces starkeyi, Lodderomyces elongisporus, Scheffersomyces stipitis or Yarrowia lipolytica on solid minimal medium irrespective of whether the nitrogen source was NH 4 Cl or sodium L-glutamate. Growth inhibition assays of K. pastoris in liquid minimal medium supplemented with increasing concentrations of N,N-dimethylglycine demonstrated inhibitory effects for nine tested nitrogen sources. In most cases, N,N-dimethylglycine supplementation caused a decrease in growth efficiency that appeared to be proportional to the concentration of N,N-dimethylglycine. The biological relevance of these results is discussed.

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Pathway of Glycine Betaine Biosynthesis in Aspergillus fumigatus

Cited by 35 publications

References 60 publications

Arsenobetaine: an ecophysiologically important organoarsenical confers cytoprotection against osmotic stress and growth temperature extremes

Arsenobetaine: an ecophysiologically important organoarsenical confers cytoprotection against osmotic stress and growth temperature extremes

A genomic survey of nitrogen assimilation pathways in budding yeasts (sub‐phylum Saccharomycotina)

Nitrogen source-dependent inhibition of yeast growth by glycine and its N-methylated derivatives

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