Pathophysiology of Venous Thromboembolic Disease

Cross, Michael B.; Boettner, Friedrich

doi:10.1053/j.sart.2009.10.002

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…As it is known that venous resistance is lower in the large veins than in small veins, the blood flow, according to Ohm's law, is higher (Guyton and Hall, ). Thus, the vessels that drain the blood digital veins of thoracic limb have a relative increase of venous resistance and a decrease in venous return that could increase the risk of thrombosis in this limb as is the case in humans (Cross and Boettner, ). These venous thrombotic events, which are major causes of the occurrence of oedema particularly in digital veins, have been associated with the appearance of equine laminitis (Weiss et al., ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Increased venous pressure in the veins of the distal extremity of the horse's limb can contribute to the reduction of tissue perfusion, and therefore can result in an ischaemia in the draining territory of the digital veins, which causes equine laminitis (Mishra and Leach, ; Trout et al., ; Bailey and Elliott, ; Bailey et al., ; Pollitt, ; Belloli and Zizzadoro, ). Otherwise, venous stasis can also damage the vascular endothelium cells by activation of coagulation factors or by increasing the distension of the vein wall (Cross and Boettner, ). These events may probably predispose the horse's foot to thrombogenic manifestations that would cause the occurrence of equine laminitis (Weiss et al., ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Venous Valvular Distribution in the Thoracic and Pelvic Limbs of the Horse

Harfoush

Guintard

Desfontis

et al. 2015

Anat. Histol. Embryol.

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Dysfunction of venous valves can lead to hemodynamic disorders causing venous stasis, which would favour the occurrence of equine laminitis. However, very few studies have investigated venous valves in the horse digit. The purpose of this study was to compare valvular density between thoracic and pelvic limbs and to study the relationship between valvular density of veins and their location, diameter and wall thickness. After dissection, valvular density was calculated based on the number of valves counted in the principal veins of 7 thoracic and 7 pelvic limbs from 7 horses. Our results showed that the valvular density was higher in thoracic limbs, which probably reflects the adaptation to the consequences of hydrostatic pressure. The superficial veins have a higher valvular density that would prevent the varicose risk in the horse. The lower valvular density in the thick veins can be explained by the high density of the smooth muscular cells contained, which would cause an important vasoconstriction via the sympathetic nervous system. The veins with a large diameter also have a lower valvular density; these veins are not exposed to important changes in hydrostatic pressure. Other valvular characteristics may also be involved in the vascular disorders that may be related to the pathophysiology of laminitis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Venous Valvular Distribution in the Thoracic and Pelvic Limbs of the Horse

Harfoush

Guintard

Desfontis

et al. 2015

Anat. Histol. Embryol.

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“…2,3 VTE is triggered by disturbance in homeostatic system induced by vessel wall injury, stasis of blood flow, and hypercoagulable state. 4 Hospitalisation in major surgeries, including orthopaedic and abdominal surgeries, have been identified as one of VTE risk factors. 5,6 One out of eight fatal cases of PE occurs in post-operative patients.…”

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confidence: 99%

Incidence of venous thromboembolism among patients who underwent major surgery in a public hospital in Singapore

et al. 2014

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Abstrak AbstractBackground: Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a fatal yet potentially preventable complication of surgery. Routine thromboprophylaxis is still unequivocal prescription is problematic due to perception of low VTE incidence among Asian population. This study aims to investigate the incidence of VTE and thromboprophylaxis prescription among patients undergoing major surgery in a Singapore hospital.Methods: This was a cross-sectional study. Data were obtained from medical record of 1,103 patients who had underwent major orthopaedic or abdominal surgery in 2011-2012 at Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore. Incidence of VTE events either in the same admission or re-admission in less than one month time were noted as study parameters.Results: Incidence of VTE was 2.1% (95% CI: 1.67 -2.53) of which 1.3% and 0.8% were DVT and PE cases respectively. Age, gender, history of VTE, ischemic heart disease, and mechanical prophylaxis were associated with VTE incidence based on bivariate analysis. The prescription of pharmacological thromboprophylaxis was associated with prior anticoagulant medication, type of surgery, and incidence of new bleeding.Conclusion: Subsequent to major surgeries, VTE is as common in Asian patients as published data in other populations. Pharmacologic thromboprophylaxis should be considered as recommended in non-Asian guidelines.

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Incidence of ‘Never Events’ and Common Complications

Cross

Mauffrey

2014

Patient Safety in Surgery

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Pathophysiology of Venous Thromboembolic Disease

Cited by 3 publications

References 58 publications

Venous Valvular Distribution in the Thoracic and Pelvic Limbs of the Horse

Venous Valvular Distribution in the Thoracic and Pelvic Limbs of the Horse

Incidence of venous thromboembolism among patients who underwent major surgery in a public hospital in Singapore

Incidence of ‘Never Events’ and Common Complications

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