Pathophysiology of pulmonary aspergillosis

Granuloma and cryptococcosis

“…9,22,29 Four distinct histological types of pulmonary cryptococcosis have been classified by McDonnell and Hutchins; 12 peripheral pulmonary granuloma, granulomatous pneumonia, intracapillary/interstitial involvement, and massive pulmonary involvement, without special reference to a specific underlying disease. 2 Cryptococcal infection of the lungs in patients with AIDS took the form of intracapillary/interstitial or massive pulmonary involvement. 12,30 Peripheral granulomas and granulomatous pneumonia were not encountered in patients with AIDS, in whom the majority had lung lesions characterized by alveoli containing proliferating cryptococci, reactive histiocytes, and multinucleated giant cells, and organisms were not seen proliferating within the bronchial mucosa.…”

“…1 However, in previously neutropenic patients in whom neutrophil function has recovered, patent vessels around the discrete nodule will allow liquefaction necrosis to occur at the margins of the sequestered core of coagulation necrosis. 2 Cryptococcus, which is the main focus of discussion in the present review, is known as a fungus that causes a granulomatous response that is recognized as the phenotypical representation of the normal functioning of integrated cell immunity. 3 In these terms the defense mechanism against Cryptococci may be different from that against Aspergilli.…”

“…We previously described the histopathology of invasive aspergillosis, with reference to variously impaired neutrophilic functions in hosts. 1,2 The inflammatory response to aspergillus can be essentially understood as an acute purulent inflammation that is characterized by necrosis and prominent neutrophilic infiltrate at the site of infection. Two types of necrosis, coagulation and liquefaction, are found in the lesions of invasive aspergillosis.…”

Pathophysiological Implication of Computed Tomography Images of Chronic Pulmonary Aspergillosis

“…New diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for CPA may result from an increased understanding of the pathophysiology of CPA. Furthermore, future investigations need to contribute to clinical practices that affect the prognostic implications of CPA (26,27). Macroscopic findings showed cavities surrounded dense grayish area.…”

Development of a Peptide Nucleic Acid Probe to Trichosporon Species and Identification of Trichosporonosis by Use of In Situ Hybridization in Formalin-Fixed and Paraffin-Embedded (FFPE) Sections

“…Since Trichosporon spp. exhibit low susceptibility to candins (7), histopathological examination is important as one of the useful diagnostic procedures, even though it is regarded as poor for the identification of Trichosporon species from other dimorphic yeasts, namely, non-glabrata Candida, species, because of their overall similarities (8)(9)(10). Therefore, the establishment of an auxiliary diagnostic method for use in routine pathological laboratories is required for diagnosis of disseminated trichosporonosis.…”