Pathophysiology of obsessive–compulsive disorder

Aouizerate, Bruno; Guehl, Dominique; Cuny, Emmanuel; Rougier, Alain; Bioulac, Bernard; Tignol, Jean-Pierre; Burbaud, Pierre

doi:10.1016/j.pneurobio.2004.02.004

Cited by 290 publications

(94 citation statements)

References 280 publications

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“…These results fit the prevailing empirical and theoretical framework of altered recruitment of the dorsal and ventral CSTC circuits, and indicate that abnormal activity and structure in OCD are, at least partly, state-dependent and reversible. Also, while the current studies do not explain the etiology of OCD, they do support the link between neural correlates related to brain structure, function and chemistry, as well as the phenomenology of successful treatment (Aouizerate et al, 2004).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 83%

Neuroimaging of psychotherapy for obsessive–compulsive disorder: A systematic review

Thorsen

Heuvel

Hansen

et al. 2015

Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 83%

Neuroimaging of psychotherapy for obsessive–compulsive disorder: A systematic review

Thorsen

Heuvel

Hansen

et al. 2015

Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging

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“…Contemporary models of OCD pathogenesis acknowledge that two corticalsubcortical pathways may be involved in the failure of the inhibitory systems: (a) the frontostriatal loop (dorsolateralcaudate-striatum-thalamus) responsible for failures in behavioral inhibition and; (b) the orbitofrontal loop (orbitofrontal, medial prefrontal and cingulate) responsible for failures in cognitive inhibitory processes (Aouizerate et al 2004;Friedlander and Desrocher 2006). Additionally, recent reviews have suggested abnormalities in the ventral orbitostriatal and dorso-fronto-striatal connections in OCD, which may mediate the emotional (i.e., ventral) and the cognitive (i.e.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brain activation of the defensive and appetitive survival systems in obsessive compulsive disorder

Gonçalves

Soares

Carvalho

et al. 2014

Brain Imaging and Behavior

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Several studies have shown that basic emotions are responsible for a significant enhancement of early visual processes and increased activation in visual processing brain regions. It may be possible that the cognitive uncertainty and repeated behavioral checking evident in Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is due to the existence of abnormalities in basic survival circuits, particularly those associated with the visual processing of the physical characteristics of emotional-laden stimuli. The objective of the present study was to test if patients with OCD show evidence of altered basic survival circuits, particularly those associated with the visual processing of the physical characteristics of emotional stimuli. Fifteen patients with OCD and 12 healthy controls underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging acquisition while being exposed to emotional pictures, with different levels of arousal, intended to trigger the defensive and appetitive basic survival circuits. Overall, the present results seem to indicate dissociation in the activity of the defense and appetitive survival systems in OCD. Results suggest that the clinical group reacts to basic threat with a strong activation of the defensive system mobilizing widespread brain networks (i.e., frontal, temporal, occipital-parietal, and subcortical nucleus) and blocking the activation of the appetitive system when facing positive emotional triggers from the initial stages of visual processing (i.e., superior occipital gyrus).

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“…Serotonergic neurons project into different parts of the forebrain, and have been associated with depression-related neuropsychological functions including the stress responses [18], motivation [19] and working memory [20], in addition to other psychological dysfunctions related to anxiety [3,5,21,22] and to pain perception [23][24][25]. Abnormal monoamine metabolism, including abnormal 5-HT metabolism, has been observed in animal models of depression such as olfactory bulbectomized rats [26,27], Wistar-Kyoto rats [28] and Flinders Sensitive Line rats [29,30].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brain Region-Specific Effects of Short-Term Treatment with Duloxetine, Venlafaxine, Milnacipran and Sertraline on Monoamine Metabolism in Rats

et al. 2008

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We examined brain region-specific changes in monoamines and metabolites, and their ratios, after short-term administration of antidepressants to rats. Serotonin noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs; duloxetine, venlafaxine, milnacipran) and a serotonin-selective reuptake inhibitor (SSRI; sertraline) elevated serotonin (5-HT) levels in the midbrain (MB). Duloxetine and venlafaxine increased 5-HT levels in the brainstem and 5-HT terminal areas, whereas milnacipran and sertraline increased levels in the brainstem only. Significant reductions in 5-HT turnover were observed in various forebrain regions, including the hippocampus and hypothalamus, after treatment with all of the tested drugs except for milnacipran. In addition, there was reduced 5-HT turnover in the dorsolateral frontal cortex (dlFC), the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), and both the dlFC and the mPFC after treatment with duloxetine, sertraline, and venlafaxine, respectively. Venlafaxine significantly increased dopamine (DA) levels in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) and the substantia nigra and decreased DA turnover in the NAc. Similar changes were observed after treatment with duloxetine and sertraline in the NAc, whereas milnacipran increased DA levels in the mPFC. Limited increases in noradrenaline levels were detected after treatment with duloxetine, venlafaxine, or sertraline, but not after treatment with milnacipran. These results show that SNRIs and SSRIs induced region-specific monoaminergic changes after short-term treatment.

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Pathophysiology of obsessive–compulsive disorder

Cited by 290 publications

References 280 publications

Neuroimaging of psychotherapy for obsessive–compulsive disorder: A systematic review

Neuroimaging of psychotherapy for obsessive–compulsive disorder: A systematic review

Brain activation of the defensive and appetitive survival systems in obsessive compulsive disorder

Brain Region-Specific Effects of Short-Term Treatment with Duloxetine, Venlafaxine, Milnacipran and Sertraline on Monoamine Metabolism in Rats

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