Pathophysiology of Neonatal Sepsis

Wynn, James L.; Wong, Hector R.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-35214-7.00152-9

Cited by 18 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 546 publications

(598 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…This is consistent with studies conducted in Ghana, Gondar, and Mekele, Ethiopia [10,13,18,19]. The possible justi cation is that sepsis results in abscess formation, venous thrombosis, neurologic damage, and multi-organ dysfunction [28]. Finally, neonatal mortality may follow.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Pattern, Causes, and Treatment Outcome of Neonates Admitted at Hiwot Fana Specialized University Hospital, Eastern Ethiopia.

Eyebru

Getachew

Debela

et al. 2021

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Neonatal period is the most the vulnerable time for survival of newborns. In Ethiopia, neonatal death remains increasing and requires extraordinary efforts and a novel intervention to reduced neonatal death as those deaths continue to occur in even hospital settings where there are the best neonatal care services. Despite many efforts done to improve the outcome of neonates admitted to hospitals; neonates continue dying in those settings. The causes of neonatal death in Ethiopia varies from place to place. So, identifying the causes of death in the study area is very important for prevention and treatment. The study aimed to assess the causes and factors associated with treatment outcomes. Methods: Institution-based cross-sectional study design was conducted among 707 randomly selected neonates from March 1 to 31, 2020. Data were extracted from medical records using a checklist adapted from WHO and neonatal registration book. The data were inserted into Epi-data version 3.1 and then exported into SPSS window version 22 for analysis. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were done to identify the association between independent variables and the outcome variable. Results: From 698 admitted neonates during 2 years period, 594 of them were improved and 104 of them were died. The proportion of neonatal death was 14.9% (95% CI:12.3,17.9). Neonatal sepsis, low birth weight and prematurity were the leading cause of neonatal death. Residency [ AOR=2.30, 95%CI: (1.3, 4.12)], low birth weight [AOR=2.52, 95%CI: (1.24,5.13))], respiratory distress syndrome [AOR =2.86, 95%CI:(1.11.7.35)], neonatal sepsis [AOR= 2.48, 95%CI: (1.40, 4.38)], and Neonates treated with phototherapy and oxygen [ AOR=0.22, 95%CI:(0.088,0.54)], [AOR= 0.47,95%CI:(0.22,0.99)] were factors associated with poor treatment outcome.Conclusion: The causes of neonatal death were mainly from preventable and treatable causes like neonatal sepsis, low birth weight, and prematurity in the study setting. Residency, low birth weight, respiratory distress syndrome, having neonatal sepsis, treatment with phototherapy, and treatment with oxygen were independent factors. The concerned bodies should give attention to neonates admitted to intensive care units by strengthening the quality of care given at the unit and strengthening early detection and prevention of neonatal problems during post-partum periods.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Pattern, Causes, and Treatment Outcome of Neonates Admitted at Hiwot Fana Specialized University Hospital, Eastern Ethiopia.

Eyebru

Getachew

Debela

et al. 2021

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…This is consistent with studies conducted in Ghana, Gondar, and Mekele, Ethiopia [ 4 , 10 , 14 , 20 ]. The possible justification is that sepsis results in abscess formation, venous thrombosis, neurologic damage, and multi-organ dysfunction [ 35 ]. Finally, neonatal mortality may follow.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neonatal mortality among neonates admitted to NICU of Hiwot Fana specialized university hospital, eastern Ethiopia, 2020: a cross-sectional study design

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background In Ethiopia, neonatal mortality is unacceptably high. Despite many efforts made by the government and other partners to reduce neonatal mortality; it has been increasing since 2014. Factors associated with neonatal mortality were explained by different researchers indifferently. There is no clear evidence to identify the magnitude of neonatal mortality and associated factors in the study area. The study aimed to assess the magnitude and factors associated with neonatal mortality. Methods Facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 834 randomly selected neonates. The study was conducted from February 20 to March 21, 2020. Data were extracted from medical records using a checklist adapted from the World Health Organization, and neonatal registration book. The data were inserted into Epi-data version 3.1 and then exported into SPSS window version 20 for analysis. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were employed to identify the association between independent variables and the outcome variable. Results Magnitude of neonatal mortality was 14.4% (95% CI:11.9,16.7). Being neonates of mothers whose pregnancy was complicated with antepartum hemorrhage [AOR = 4.13, 95%CI: (1.92,8.85)], born from mothers with current pregnancy complicated with pregnancy-induced hypertension [AOR = 4.41, 95%CI: (1.97,9.86)], neonates of mothers with multiple pregnancy [AOR = 2.87, 95% CI (1.08,7.61)], neonates delivered at the health center [AOR = 5.05, 95%CI: (1.72,14.79)], low birth weight [AOR = 4.01, 95%CI (1.30,12.33)], having perinatal asphyxia [AOR =3.85, 95%CI: (1.83,8.10)], and having early-onset neonatal sepsis [AOR = 3.93, 95%CI: (1.84,8.41)] were factors significantly associated with neonatal mortality. Conclusion The proportion of neonatal mortality was relatively in line with other studies but still needs attention. Antepartum hemorrhage, Pregnancy-induced hypertension, place of delivery, low birth weight, having perinatal asphyxia, and having neonatal sepsis were independent factors. The hospital, and health care workers should give attention to neonates admitted to intensive care units by strengthening the quality of care given at neonatal intensive care unit like infection prevention and strengthening early detection and treatment of health problems during Antenatal care visit.

show abstract

“…This report highlights the clinical importance of emergent C. pelliculosa in the NICU. Neonatal candidemia is mainly caused by immature innate and adaptive immune systems, and many invasive operations including prolonged indwelling medical devices, especially in very premature infants [20]. There are several reports of nosocomial cross-infections due to Candida spp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two different clones of Candida pelliculosa bloodstream infection in a tertiary neonatal intensive care unit

Yang

Ding

et al. 2021

J Infect Dev Ctries

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Introduction: Fungemia in preterm infants results in high mortality and morbidity. The genotypes, drug susceptibilities of Candida pelliculosa strains, and clinical features of two outbreaks of neonatal candidemia caused by C. pelliculosa were analyzed, in order to provide evidence for the outbreaks and characteristics of C. pelliculosa neonatal candidemia. Methodology: The strains were genotyped by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis to investigate their genetic relatedness. The broth microdilution method was used to determine in vitro susceptibility of the isolates to antifungal drugs. Clinical features of the infected patients were collected to analyze the risks for C. pelliculosa infection. Results: Fourteen neonates, hospitalized in the neonatal intensive care unit from November 2012 to October 2013, were infected by C. pelliculosa. All 14 patients were cured after treatment with fluconazole and discharged without any complications. The C. pelliculosa isolates from the 14 patients were clustered into two groups, indicating that the outbreaks were caused by two types of strains. Eight of nine strains isolated from the 2013 outbreak were clustered into the same group, while one isolate was grouped together with five isolates from the 2012 outbreak. In vitro experiments demonstrated high antifungal activity of fluconazole, voriconazole, amphotericin B, and 5-fluorocytosine to C. pelliculosa. The common symptoms of C. pelliculosa candidaemia were fever, cyanosis, polypnea, hypoactivity, and apnea. Conclusions: The current study revealed high in vitro susceptibility of C. pelliculosa to antifungals. As C. pelliculosa candidaemia cannot be characterized by clinical symptoms and routine blood testing alone, monitoring unusual strains isolated from immunodeficient hosts is very important to prevent possible outbreaks.

show abstract

Pathophysiology of Neonatal Sepsis

Cited by 18 publications

References 546 publications

Pattern, Causes, and Treatment Outcome of Neonates Admitted at Hiwot Fana Specialized University Hospital, Eastern Ethiopia.

Pattern, Causes, and Treatment Outcome of Neonates Admitted at Hiwot Fana Specialized University Hospital, Eastern Ethiopia.

Neonatal mortality among neonates admitted to NICU of Hiwot Fana specialized university hospital, eastern Ethiopia, 2020: a cross-sectional study design

Two different clones of Candida pelliculosa bloodstream infection in a tertiary neonatal intensive care unit

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About