Pathophysiology

Inder, Terrie E.; Volpe, Joseph J.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-42876-7.00013-2

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 1,098 publications

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“…Together with the smaller basal ganglia and thalamic volumes demonstrated in a previous birth asphyxia study on an overlapping sample, 17 the WM abnormalities in the PLIC of patients with birth asphyxia are consistent with MRI findings of asphyxiated infants with the poorest outcomes. 12 , 39 , 40 The PLIC contains fibers of the superior thalamic radiation, corticospinal, corticofugal, and corticopontine tracts that support important motor, language, cognitive, and sensory functions, 40 often found to be impaired in individuals with BD and schizophrenia. 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 Even though participants with neurological disorders or neuroradiological MRI findings indicating brain pathology were excluded (eAppendix 2 in the Supplement ), we were still able to find abnormalities in the PLIC of patients with birth asphyxia, which might suggest early damage or impeded brain development.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of Birth Asphyxia With Regional White Matter Abnormalities Among Patients With Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorders

et al. 2021

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IMPORTANCE White matter (WM) abnormalities are commonly reported in psychiatric disorders.Whether peripartum insufficiencies in brain oxygenation, known as birth asphyxia, are associated with WM of patients with severe mental disorders is unclear.OBJECTIVE To examine the association between birth asphyxia and WM in adult patients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorders (BDs) compared with healthy adults. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTSIn this case-control study, all individuals participating in the ongoing Thematically Organized Psychosis project were linked to the Medical Birth Registry of Norway (MBRN), where a subset of 271 patients (case group) and 529 healthy individuals (control group) had undergone diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI). Statistical analyses were performed from June 16, 2020, to March 9, 2021.EXPOSURES Birth asphyxia was defined based on measures from standardized reporting at birth in the MBRN. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Associations between birth asphyxia and WM regions ofinterest diffusion metrics, ie, fractional anisotropy (FA), axial diffusivity (AD), and radial diffusivity (RD), were compared between groups using analysis of covariance, adjusted for age, age squared, and sex. RESULTSOf the 850 adults included in the study, 271 were in the case group (140 [52%] female individuals; mean [SD] age, 28.64 [7.43] years) and 579 were in the control group (245 [42%] female individuals; mean [SD] age, 33.54 [8.31] years). Birth asphyxia measures were identified in 15% to 16% of participants, independent of group. The posterior limb of the internal capsule (PLIC) showed a significant diagnostic group × birth asphyxia interaction (F (1, 843) = 11.46; P = .001), reflecting a stronger association between birth asphyxia and FA in the case group than the control group. RD, but not AD, also displayed a significant diagnostic group × birth asphyxia interaction (F (1, 843) = 9.28; P = .002) in the PLIC, with higher values in patients with birth asphyxia and similar effect sizes as observed for FA. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCEIn this case-control study, abnormalities in the PLIC of adult patients with birth asphyxia may suggest a greater susceptibility to hypoxia in patients with severe mental illness, which could lead to myelin damage or impeded brain development. Echoing recent early-stage schizophrenia studies, abnormalities of the PLIC are relevant to psychiatric disorders, as the PLIC contains important WM brain pathways associated with language, cognitive function, and sensory function, which are impaired in schizophrenia and BDs.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of Birth Asphyxia With Regional White Matter Abnormalities Among Patients With Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorders

et al. 2021

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“…Prostanoids also play a role in the hypoxic-ischemic event: Stimulating prostanoid receptors may be neuroprotective and prevent cerebellar neuronal injury. A partial recovery with reperfusion happens 30 to 60 minutes after the hypoxic-ischemic event in a penumbra of the brain, depending on the length of reduced perfusion and the presence or absence of medical intervention [8,9].…”

Section: Pathophysiology Of Hypoxic-ischemic Encephalopathymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The ideal time for therapeutic treatments is thought to be during the latent phase. [9] The latent phase may last 1 to 6 hours. This latent phase is characterized by neuroinflammation and the continuation of an activated apoptotic cascade.…”

Section: Pathophysiology Of Hypoxic-ischemic Encephalopathymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The tertiary phase occurs in the weeks or months following primary energy failure. It involves remodeling the injured brain, astrogliosis, and late cell death [8][9][10][11].…”

Section: Pathophysiology Of Hypoxic-ischemic Encephalopathymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The most important molecular trigger of apoptosis is an influx of Ca2+ and the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). These membrane perturbations involve the release of ceramide from sphingomyelin, translocation of the mitochondrion of proapoptotic member Bc1-2 family formation of the mitochondrial permeability pore, and release from the mitochondrion of cytochrome c and apoptosis-inducing factor and of caspases, especially caspase-3 by cytochrome c [8][9][10].…”

Section: Pathophysiology Of Hypoxic-ischemic Encephalopathymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Perspective Chapter: Role of Caspase-3 as Neonatal Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy Biomarker

Lambert Rompis,

Yolanda

2024

Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine

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Neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is a severe form of neonatal brain damage caused by decreased cerebral blood flow and hypoxia and can cause various serious irreversible neurological sequelae. An early diagnosis of HIE is essential for subsequent treatment and prognosis. Caspase, a protease enzyme that has an essential role in the apoptosis of programmed cell death, is one of the promising biomarkers for diagnosing HIE. Caspase-3 is recognized for its activated proteolytic apoptosis role in cells responding to specific extrinsic or intrinsic inducers of this mode of cell death. Caspase-3 is activated within 1 to 3 hours after neonatal hypoxic-ischemia and is a principal executioner of apoptosis. The role of caspase-3 in apoptosis, pyroptosis, necroptosis, and autophagy might be more profound than its role in cell death. Such functions of caspase-3 require further exploration, however, as there are still many possibilities for its roles in clinical diagnosis and treatment.

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Management of Hypertensive Emergencies

Belsha

2023

Pediatric Hypertension

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Pathophysiology

Cited by 9 publications

References 1,098 publications

Association of Birth Asphyxia With Regional White Matter Abnormalities Among Patients With Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorders

Association of Birth Asphyxia With Regional White Matter Abnormalities Among Patients With Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorders

Perspective Chapter: Role of Caspase-3 as Neonatal Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy Biomarker

Management of Hypertensive Emergencies

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