Pathophysiology and treatment of diabetic retinopathy

Bandello, Francesco; Lattanzio, Rosangela; Zucchiatti, Ilaria; Turco, Claudia Del

doi:10.1007/s00592-012-0449-3

Cited by 129 publications

(115 citation statements)

References 202 publications

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“…However, why there is a close association between cystatin C and DR is not clear. The pathophysiologic changes of DR include edema of the macula, retinal inflammation, neovascularization, and optic neuropathy [12][13][14][15], and cystatin C likely plays an important role in these pathophysiologic changes. Retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) was identified as a major site for secretion of cystatin C, which is involved in the mechanisms of macular degeneration [16].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cystatin C predicts diabetic retinopathy in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes

Sun

Zhou

et al. 2015

Int J Diabetes Dev Ctries

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This study aims to identify the predictive value of cystatin C for diabetic retinopathy (DR) in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes. Data from a cross-sectional hospital-based survey of 450 type 2 diabetes patients were analyzed in the study. DR was assessed by fundus fluorescein angiography. Duration of diabetes and other related information were obtained by questionnaire. Body mass index, blood pressure, HbA1c, cystatin C, glomerular filtration rate, urinary albumin excretion, blood lipids, and uric acid were measured. Binary logistic regression was performed to evaluate potential risk factors for DR. The predictive value of cystatin C for DR was evaluated using ROC curve. Cystatin C (P = 0.039) was a risk factor for DR after GFR, and other possibly related variables were adjusted. Cystatin C had a significant predictive value for any DR (AUC, 0.763, P < 0.001; optimal cutoff value, 1.11 mg/L; sensitivity, 56.00 %; specificity, 83.90 %) or severe DR (AUC, 0.821, P < 0.001; optimal cutoff value, 1.23 mg/L; sensitivity, 73.60 %; specificity, 88.70 %). Cystatin C is a novel risk factor for DR and should be used to screen and forecast the presence of DR (especially severe DR) in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes. The association between cystiatin C and DR should not depend on the excellent ability of cystatin C for the estimation of GFR. Disclaimers:The views expressed in the submitted article are his or her own and not an official position of the institution or funder. Sources of support:Grants from the research developing program of Shandong provincial higher schools of China (Project Number: J12LM61)Word count: 2959 Number of figures and tables:Five tables and three figures Conflict of Interest declaration:The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.Keywords: Cystatin C; Diabetic retinopathy; Type 2 diabetes; Predictive value; Glomerular filtration rate. Abstract Background: Prediction of diabetic retinopathy (DR) is important in countries where

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cystatin C predicts diabetic retinopathy in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes

Sun

Zhou

et al. 2015

Int J Diabetes Dev Ctries

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“…miR-126 belongs to a highly conserved miRNA family and is located at intron 5 of EGF like domain multiple 7 (16). It may be involved in the control of vascular integrity and angiogenesis (17) as it modulates the release of angiogenic factors, including hypoxia-inducible factor 1-α, matrix metalloproteinases and VEGF, which is crucial in the development of proliferative DR (18).…”

Section: Microrna-126 Inhibits Cell Viability and Invasion In A Diabementioning

confidence: 99%

MicroRNA-126 inhibits cell viability and invasion in a diabetic retinopathy model via targeting IRS-1

Fang

Guo

et al. 2017

Oncology Letters

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Abstract. Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a sight-threatening complication of diabetes. IRS-1 was predicted to be the target gene of microRNA-126 (miR-126). The present study was designed to illustrate the involvement of miR-126 in the regulation of DR via targeting IRS-1. The present study revealed that the expression of miR-126 was significantly decreased while IRS-1 expression was increased in endothelial cells (ECs) and retinal pericytes (RPs) from a DR mouse model compared with healthy controls. Furthermore, a luciferase reporter assay confirmed the interaction between miR-126 and IRS-1. Following transfection with anmiR-126 mimic or miR-126 inhibitor, overexpression of miR-126 was demonstrated to suppress the invasion and viability of ECs and RPs and to inhibit the IRS-1 and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt) pathway protein expression levels, with inhibition of miR-126 leading to reverse results. Furthermore, transfection with small interfering RNA targeting IRS-1 altered the miR-126-induced effects observed in ECs, indicating that miR-126 may suppress angiogenesis in DR via inhibition ofIRS-1 expression. Taken together, the results of the present study suggested that miR-126 affected the expression of IRS-1, resulting in downregulated expression of PI3K/Akt pathway proteins, and also suppressed cell invasion and viability. These results may provide a potential therapeutic strategy for DR.

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“…94 Retinal neovascularization in DR generally tends to be more fragile and leaky, which leads to vitreous haemorrhage that ultimately leads to vision loss. 94 The current treatment options for DR are limited to symptomatic relief and are not able to reverse the structural abnormalities once the disease has progressed. Therefore, animal models have been used to provide insight into underlying pathogenesis of DR and to screen novel drugs entities.…”

Section: Drmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…93 The risk factors for DR include neovascularization, vitreous haemorrhage, loss of blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity, and macular oedema. 94 Retinal neovascularization in DR generally tends to be more fragile and leaky, which leads to vitreous haemorrhage that ultimately leads to vision loss. 94 The current treatment options for DR are limited to symptomatic relief and are not able to reverse the structural abnormalities once the disease has progressed.…”

Section: Drmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zebrafish—on the move towards ophthalmological research

Chhetri

Jacobson

Gueven

2014

Eye

137

114

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Millions of people are affected by visual impairment and blindness globally, and the prevalence of vision loss is likely to increase as we are living longer. However, many ocular diseases remain poorly controlled due to lack of proper understanding of the pathogenesis and the corresponding lack of effective therapies. Consequently, there is a major need for animal models that closely mirror the human eye pathology and at the same time allow higher-throughput drug screening approaches. In this context, zebrafish as an animal model organism not only address these needs but can in many respects reflect the human situation better than the current rodent models. Over the past decade, zebrafish have become an established model to study a variety of human diseases and are more recently becoming a valuable tool for the study of human ophthalmological disorders. Many human ocular diseases such as cataract, glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy, and age-related macular degeneration have already been modelled in zebrafish. In addition, zebrafish have become an attractive model for pre-clinical drug toxicity testing and are now increasingly used by scientists worldwide for the discovery of novel treatment approaches. This review presents the advantages and uses of zebrafish for ophthalmological research.

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Pathophysiology and treatment of diabetic retinopathy

Cited by 129 publications

References 202 publications

Cystatin C predicts diabetic retinopathy in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes

Cystatin C predicts diabetic retinopathy in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes

MicroRNA-126 inhibits cell viability and invasion in a diabetic retinopathy model via targeting IRS-1

Zebrafish—on the move towards ophthalmological research

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