Pathophysiology and immunology of acute and chronic gout

Liu‐Bryan, Ru

doi:10.2217/ebo.12.160

Cited by 1 publication

(11 citation statements)

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“…This is called a "flare of gout" or an "acute attack". (18,19). Monocytes are also entered into the joints and get differentiated into macrophages.…”

Section: Fig 4: Msu Crystal Depositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Monocytes are also entered into the joints and get differentiated into macrophages. These neutrophils and M1 macrophages phagocytose the MSU crystal and release soluble inflammatory mediators like calgranulins S100A8 and S100A9, further intensifying the acute gouty inflammation 18 .…”

Section: Fig 4: Msu Crystal Depositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Inflammation: Innate immunity is the first line defense mechanism and constitutes different soluble proteins and a wide range of receptors. Since the MSU crystal is negatively charged and irregular, they non-specifically bind with different cell surface proteins and a wide range of receptors (including the FC receptor CD16, platelets, and leukocyte integrin) 18,19 . This potentiates the inflammatory response.…”

Section: The Role Of Innate Immunity In Acute Goutymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This potentiates the inflammatory response. The innate immunity mechanism of phagocytic cells is activated by the opsonization of MSU crystals by IgG and complement components 18 .…”

Section: The Role Of Innate Immunity In Acute Goutymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Crystal-Induced Inflammation: The activation of the complement pathway by MSU crystals forms the C 5 a from C 5 and C 6 -C 9 membrane attack complex. This formed complement attracts the leukocyte to initiate the phagocytosis process 18 .…”

Section: Complement In Msumentioning

confidence: 99%

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2023

IJPSR

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Gouty arthritis, an inflammatory joint disease, occurs due to the accumulation of Monosodium Urate (MSU) crystals in the joints, mainly at the metatarsophalangeal joints of the big toe. At present, the incidence and prevalence of gout are increasing globally. The various risk factors are responsible for the development of gouty arthritis, including nonmodifiable, modifiable, and genetic factors. Under physiological conditions, the purine undergoes a catabolic pathway to produce the uric acid end product excreted from the body using various uric acid transporters. The overproduction or underexcretion of uric acid leads to the pathophysiology of hyperuricemia and promotes the MSU crystals formation and deposition in joints to trigger inflammation by releasing inflammatory mediators in gouty arthritis. If chronic gout has been left untreated, the pain worsens and eventually causes cartilage degradation, bone erosion, and urolithiasis. The research studies of the antigout activity of the various secondary metabolites are manifested in this review. The inflammatory pathways involved in gouty arthritis development are being discussed to find a new therapeutic target to treat gouty arthritis better. INTRODUCTION:In the 13 th century, Randolphus of bocking was the first person who coined the term "GOUT" which is derived from the Latin word "GUTTA" (which translates into "drop"). In the olden days the disease was believed to be caused by drops of viscous hum or (liquid) dripping from the blood into the joints, this explanation currently resembles the modern scientific explanation 1 . Gouty arthritis is a type of arthropathy in which joints are painful due to the accumulation of monosodium urate crystals. It usually affects the big toe (metatarsal joint). It can also affect other joints like the ankle, knee, foot,

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“…This is called a "flare of gout" or an "acute attack". (18,19). Monocytes are also entered into the joints and get differentiated into macrophages.…”

Section: Fig 4: Msu Crystal Depositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Fig 4: Msu Crystal Depositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Role Of Innate Immunity In Acute Goutymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This potentiates the inflammatory response. The innate immunity mechanism of phagocytic cells is activated by the opsonization of MSU crystals by IgG and complement components 18 .…”

Section: The Role Of Innate Immunity In Acute Goutymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Complement In Msumentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations