2014
DOI: 10.1111/eve.12237
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Pathophysiology and clinical features of pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction

Abstract: Summary Our understanding of the development and progression of equine pituitary pars intermedia (PI) dysfunction has expanded over the last decade, although much remains to be explained. Degeneration of the hypothalamic periventricular dopaminergic neurons results in disinhibition of the endocrine cells of the PI, the melanotropes. As a result, the PI enlarges, compressing the adjacent lobes, the pars distalis and pars nervosa. The disinhibited melanotropes overproduce pro‐opiomelanocortin peptides, including… Show more

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Cited by 26 publications
(28 citation statements)
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“…At this site, DA, released by the periventricular nerve terminals, interacts with melanotrope DA D2 receptors causing a decrease in POMC-derived hormone synthesis and release, as well as inhibition of cell division. 50 There is mounting evidence that PPID is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by loss of DA neurons and, subsequently, dopaminergic input to PI melanotropes. The lack of endogenous DA-mediated inhibition of PI POMC production in PPID-affected equids, may also result in multiclonal expansion which could explain (in addition to the uctuation of cortisol release in the blood stream) 14 PI hyperplasia and formation of multifocal adenomas.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…At this site, DA, released by the periventricular nerve terminals, interacts with melanotrope DA D2 receptors causing a decrease in POMC-derived hormone synthesis and release, as well as inhibition of cell division. 50 There is mounting evidence that PPID is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by loss of DA neurons and, subsequently, dopaminergic input to PI melanotropes. The lack of endogenous DA-mediated inhibition of PI POMC production in PPID-affected equids, may also result in multiclonal expansion which could explain (in addition to the uctuation of cortisol release in the blood stream) 14 PI hyperplasia and formation of multifocal adenomas.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…These axons project through the infundibular stem, travel along the periphery of the nerve pathway and then branch off into the intermediate pars where they end in the peach groves. At this site, the DA released by the periventricular nerve terminals interacts with the dopaminergic D 2 inhibitor receptors causing a decrease in hormone synthesis and release as well as an inhibition of cell division [44]. The lack of inhibition of DA may also result in multiclonal expansion.…”
Section: Hypothalamic: Pituitary Dysfunctionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Obwohl die zugrundeliegenden pathophysiologischen Vorgänge bei PPID noch nicht in allen Einzelheiten bekannt sind (Pichon und Gehlen 2017), wird davon ausgegangen, dass es durch oxidativen Stress zu einer Störung des dopaminergen Hypothalamus-Hypophysen-Nebennieren-Systems bei ECS-Pferden kommt (Toribio 2005, Messer und Johnson 2007, McFarlane 2014. Ferner wurde nachgewiesen, dass die Ansammlung von fehlgefaltetem a-Synuclein in den Neuronen der Hypophyse zu einer zellulären Schädigung führt (McFarlane und Holbrook 2008, McFarlane 2014 Durham 2016).…”
Section: Introductionunclassified
“…Obwohl die zugrundeliegenden pathophysiologischen Vorgänge bei PPID noch nicht in allen Einzelheiten bekannt sind (Pichon und Gehlen 2017), wird davon ausgegangen, dass es durch oxidativen Stress zu einer Störung des dopaminergen Hypothalamus-Hypophysen-Nebennieren-Systems bei ECS-Pferden kommt (Toribio 2005, Messer und Johnson 2007, McFarlane 2014. Ferner wurde nachgewiesen, dass die Ansammlung von fehlgefaltetem a-Synuclein in den Neuronen der Hypophyse zu einer zellulären Schädigung führt (McFarlane und Holbrook 2008, McFarlane 2014 Durham 2016). Dies resultiert wiederum in einer Proliferation der Melanozyten sowie einer gesteigerten Produktion von Proopiomelanocortin (POMC) und den daraus entstehenden POMC-Spaltprodukten wie dem adrenokortikotropen Hormon (ACTH), dem Melanozyten-stimulierenden Hormon (MSH) und dem -Endorphin (Donaldson et al 2005, Pichon und Gehlen 2017, Carmalt et al 2018.…”
Section: Introductionunclassified
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