Pathophysiology and Classification of Respiratory Failure

Lamba, Tejpreet; Sharara, Rihab; Singh, Anil; Balaan, Marvin

doi:10.1097/cnq.0000000000000102

Cited by 34 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…In the research on the approach of severe care of respiratory system failure, many scholars at home and abroad have studied it and achieved certain research results. Some scholars pointed out that the rational use of ventilator, active and effective treatment, and nursing can effectively control the symptoms of patients, increase exercise endurance, reduce the occurrence of complications, reduce the number of hospitalizations, and prolong the life of patients [11]. Other scholars have pointed out that the complications of respiratory failure are closely related to the time of receiving ventilator treatment and the difficulty of weaning, and the consequences are increased mortality, increased costs, and decreased quality of life [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Way of Severe Nursing of Respiratory System Failure

Liu

2021

Journal of Healthcare Engineering

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Respiratory failure is the most common clinical symptom, seriously endangering people’s health, which is mainly caused by a series of reasons, leading to serious respiratory dysfunction and severe pulmonary respiratory disorders, damaging the pulmonary airway function, and causing disability to maintain normal human gas exchange activities. At present, the main treatment of respiratory failure is to use the ventilator to help patients exchange gas and keep their breathing unobstructed. The nursing method is also around the artificial airway mechanical ventilation. The nursing of patients with respiratory failure is mainly respiratory nursing and psychological nursing. In this paper, the main research is to explore the way of severe nursing of respiratory failure. Before the nursing of respiratory failure, we should carry out nursing detection of the ventilator and test its performance, tightness, pipeline safety, and airway patency. Then carrying on the respiratory failure mechanical ventilation nursing and clarifying its mechanical ventilation nursing process is the main work of intensive care, at the same time, giving consideration to the psychological nursing of respiratory failure and implementing comprehensive nursing. In this paper, 50 patients were selected and divided into group A and group B; group A was given comprehensive nursing, and group B was given general nursing. The experimental results show that a series of situations in group A are more optimistic than those in group B. There was no doubt that the PH value of the two groups changed significantly 6 months after discharge. The pO2 value of group A was higher than that before discharge, while the pCO2 value of group B was unstable and increased. The pO2 value of group A was 55.52 before discharge and 62.36 six months after discharge. The pCO2 value of group A was 54.31 before discharge and 50.61 six months after discharge. The pCO2 value of group B was 55.23 before discharge and 57.34 six months after discharge.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Way of Severe Nursing of Respiratory System Failure

Liu

2021

Journal of Healthcare Engineering

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“…Mild CO 2 retention and hypoxemia may also lead to cognitive effects and reduce responsiveness ( 32 ). A small decrease in oxygen stimulates the sympathetic nervous system, resulting in a faster heart rate ( 33 ). The increase in respiratory resistance caused by masks leads to an increase in respiratory muscle work and intrathoracic negative pressure, increases cardiopulmonary oxygen consumption, significantly increases heart rate, and further leads to physical discomfort and increased pressure ( 34 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surgical Masks Affect the Peripheral Oxygen Saturation and Respiratory Rate of Anesthesiologists

et al. 2022

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BackgroundSurgical masks (SMs) protect medical staff and reduce surgical site infections. Extended SM use may reduce oxygen concentrations in circulation, causing hypoxia, headache, and fatigue. However, no research has examined the effects of wearing SMs on oxygenation and physical discomfort of anesthesiologists.MethodsAn electronic questionnaire was established and administered through WeChat, and a cross-sectional survey was conducted to determine SM use duration and related discomfort of operating room medical staff. Then, operating room anesthesiologists were enrolled in a single-arm study. Peripheral blood oxygen saturation (SpO2), heart rate, and respiratory rate were determined at different times before and after SM use. Shortness of breath, dizziness, and headache were subjectively assessed based on the visual analog scale (VAS) scores.ResultsIn total, 485 operating room medical staff completed the electronic questionnaire; 70.5% of them did not change SMs until after work, and 63.9% wore SMs continuously for more than 4 h. The proportion of anesthesiologists was the highest. After wearing masks for 4 h, the shortness of breath, fatigue, and dizziness/headache rates were 42.1, 34.6, and 30.9%, respectively. Compared with other medical staff, the proportion of subjective discomfort of anesthesiologists increased significantly with prolonged SM use from 1 to 4 h. Thirty-five anesthesiologists completed the study. There was no difference in anesthesiologist SpO2, heart rate, or respiratory rate within 2 h of wearing SMs. After more than 2 h, the variation appears to be statistically rather than clinically significant—SpO2 decreased (98.0 [1.0] vs. 97.0 [1.0], p < 0.05), respiratory rate increased (16.0 [3.0] vs. 17.0 [2.0], p < 0.01), and heart rate remained unchanged. As mask use duration increased, the VAS scores of shortness of breath, dizziness, and headache gradually increased.ConclusionIn healthy anesthesiologists, wearing SMs for more than 2 h can significantly decrease SpO2 and increase respiratory rates without affecting heart rates.

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“…The onset of respiratory failure may be acute or chronic, and the appearance of compensation mechanisms is possible if the onset is carried out more gradually [13]. The diagnosis of respiratory failure is made by arterial blood gas and, according to CO 2 levels, it is classified as type I (without hypercapnia) or type II (with hypercapnia) (Table 3) [14].…”

Section: Hypoxemia and Respiratory Insufficiencymentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxygen Therapy: Systems and Indications in the Pediatric and Adult Population

García-Muro¹,

Alatorre-Jiménez²,

Johal³

et al. 2020

Iberoam J Med

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Hypoxemia is defined as the decrease in arterial partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) below 80 mmHg. One of the ways to alleviate this condition is through oxygen therapy, which consists of administering oxygen at a concentration higher than atmospheric. This therapy is indicated in various pathologies and is aimed to treat hypoxemia and reduce the patient's myocardial demand and respiratory effort. Classically, this treatment has been carried out using low-flow systems, in which the inspiratory fraction of oxygen (FiO2) cannot be regulated. However, an increase in the use of high-flow oxygen therapy (HFO) has been observed in recent years. These systems allow for greater patient comfort as well as more precise regulation of the FiO2. The purpose of this article is to review respiratory physiology to understand respiratory failure from a clinical and pathophysiological point of view. Likewise, the different oxygen therapy systems most widely used are discussed, as well as their indications for acute and chronic pathologies, both in the pediatric and adult populations.

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Pathophysiology and Classification of Respiratory Failure

Cited by 34 publications

References 11 publications

The Way of Severe Nursing of Respiratory System Failure

The Way of Severe Nursing of Respiratory System Failure

Surgical Masks Affect the Peripheral Oxygen Saturation and Respiratory Rate of Anesthesiologists

Oxygen Therapy: Systems and Indications in the Pediatric and Adult Population

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