Pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of physical activity in hypertension

Gambardella, Jessica; Morelli, Marco Bruno; Wang, Xu Jun; Santulli, Gaetano

doi:10.1111/jch.13804

Cited by 31 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 63 publications

(115 reference statements)

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“…The exact reasons for the beneficial effect of early CR are mostly unclear, although the consequences of aerobic exercise, defined as physical activity that induces a steady and sustainable increase in aerobic metabolism when performed at an intensity below the anaerobic threshold (Zhou et al, 2021), have been extensively studied, at least from a cardiological point of view (Wahl et al, 2018;Channon, 2020;Gambardella et al, 2020b;Gulsin et al, 2020). Indeed, aerobic exercise training has been shown to improve endothelial function both in the large arteries and microcirculation in patients with CV risk factors, including hypertension and diabetes (Green et al, 2004;Phillips et al, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

L-Arginine Enhances the Effects of Cardiac Rehabilitation on Physical Performance: New Insights for Managing Cardiovascular Patients During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Mone

Izzo

Marazzi

et al. 2022

J Pharmacol Exp Ther

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Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) following acute myocardial infarction (AMI) improves physical capacities and decreases hospitalizations and cardiovascular mortality. L-Arginine is the substrate used by nitric oxide (NO) synthase (NOS) to generate NO and it has been shown to exert its beneficial effects on endothelium driving vasodilatation, reducing inflammation, and ameliorating physical function. We hypothesized that L-Arginine could enhance physical capacities in patients who underwent CR after AMI. We designed a study aimed to assess the effects of L-arginine administration on the physical capacity of patients who underwent coronary revascularization after AMI. The trial was carried out amid the COVID-19 pandemic. Patients were assigned, with a 2:1 ratio, to add to their standard therapy 1 bottle containing 1.66 g of L-arginine or 1 bottle of identical aspect apart from not containing L-arginine, twice a day orally for 3 weeks. Patients performed a 6minute walking test (6MWT) and were assessed their Borg modified 0-10 rating of perceived exertion (BRPE) before starting and at the end of the treatment. Seventy-five patients receiving L-Arginine, and thirty-five receiving placebo successfully completed the study. The 6MWT distance increased significantly in the L-Arginine group compared to both baseline and placebo (p<0.0001).Additionally, we observed a significant improvement in the BRPE in patients treated with Larginine but not in the placebo group. Taken together, our data indicate that L-arginine potentiates the response to CR, independently of age, sex, baseline functional capacity, and comorbid conditions.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

L-Arginine Enhances the Effects of Cardiac Rehabilitation on Physical Performance: New Insights for Managing Cardiovascular Patients During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Mone

Izzo

Marazzi

et al. 2022

J Pharmacol Exp Ther

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“…This may lead to altered leukocyte/endothelial binding, endothelial injury with up-regulation of endothelial ICAM-1 expression and increase of inflammatory cytokines [44]. In this context, regular aerobic exercise has also been shown to enhance β-AR sensitivity in the context of age-related decline in adrenergic responsiveness, i.e., increase of total peripheral resistances, which is a relevant factor underlying hypertension, atherosclerosis, and vascular insufficiency [45,46]. This study has a number of limitations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Caloric Intake and Aerobic Activity in Individuals with Prehypertension and Hypertension on Levels of Inflammatory, Adhesion and Prothrombotic Biomarkers—Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Trial

Wagner

Hong

Wilson

et al. 2020

JCM

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Background: Cardiopulmonary fitness and low calorie diets have been shown to reduce inflammation but few studies have been conducted in individuals with elevated blood pressure (BP) in a randomized intervention setting. Thereby, adhesion biomarkers, e.g., soluble intercellular adhesion molecule (sICAM)-3, have not been examined so far. Methods: Sixty-eight sedentary prehypertensive and mildly hypertensive individuals (mean age ± SEM: 45 ± 1 years; mean BP: 141/84 ± 1/1 mmHg) were randomized to one of three 12-week intervention groups: cardio training and caloric reduction, cardio training alone, or wait-list control group. Plasma levels of inflammatory, adhesion and prothrombotic biomarkers were assessed. In a second step, intervention groups were combined to one sample and multivariate regression analyses were applied in order to account for exercise and diet behavior changes. Results: There were no significant differences among the intervention groups. In the combined sample, greater caloric reduction was associated with a larger increase of sICAM-3 (p = 0.026) and decrease of C-reactive protein (p = 0.018) as a result of the interventions. More cardio training was associated with increases of sICAM-3 (p = 0.046) as well as interleukin-6 (p = 0.004) and a decrease of tumor necrosis factor-α (p = 0.017) levels. Higher BP predicted higher plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI)-1 (p = 0.001), and greater fitness predicted lower PAI-1 levels (p = 0.006) after the intervention. Conclusions: In prehypertensive and hypertensive patients, plasma levels of the adhesion molecule sICAM-3 and inflammatory biomarkers have different response patterns to cardio training with and without caloric reduction. Such anti-inflammatory and anti-thrombotic effects may have implications for the prevention of atherothrombotic cardiovascular disease among individuals at increased risk.

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“…In regards to the HBP-related cardiovascular complications, it has been found that resistance exercise is associated with a general cardiovascular risk reduction, lowering the risk of stroke by 8 %-14 %, cardiac morbidity by 5 %, and all-cause mortality by 4 % in the average population (45,46). Although these types of physical activity are related to a lower incidence of hypertension, it is worthy to emphasize that they are contraindicated in those with unstable heart conditions, including severe uncontrolled hypertension (44,(47)(48)(49).…”

Section: C) Physical Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Hypertension, emotions and happiness: A brief view from the biology to the positive psychology

2022

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High blood pressure (HBP) is a silent disease with an extremely high prevalence worldwide. It is considered the leading risk factor for cardiovascular (CVD) and neurovascular disorders. The etiology of hypertension is based on various genetic, environmental, and social factors. Currently, compelling evidence points to the link between HBP and certain psycho-emotional factors, such as mental stability, happiness, general well-being, and fulfillment, all consistently associated with better physical and psychological health.

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Pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of physical activity in hypertension

Cited by 31 publications

References 63 publications

L-Arginine Enhances the Effects of Cardiac Rehabilitation on Physical Performance: New Insights for Managing Cardiovascular Patients During the COVID-19 Pandemic

L-Arginine Enhances the Effects of Cardiac Rehabilitation on Physical Performance: New Insights for Managing Cardiovascular Patients During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Effects of Caloric Intake and Aerobic Activity in Individuals with Prehypertension and Hypertension on Levels of Inflammatory, Adhesion and Prothrombotic Biomarkers—Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Trial

Hypertension, emotions and happiness: A brief view from the biology to the positive psychology

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