Pathophysiological evaluation of subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) by continuous ruminal pH monitoring

Satō, Shigeru

doi:10.1111/asj.12415

Cited by 44 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Usually, with higher amounts of easily degradable carbohydrates, the ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes increases, because Firmicutes generally benefit from easily digestible carbohydrates (Kallus and Brandt, 2012), and many gramnegative Bacteroidetes are sensitive to pH (Kampmann et al, 2012). It has also been shown that the relative abundance of Firmicutes in the rumen increased with increasing amounts of concentrate fed (Wetzels et al, 2015;Sato, 2016). In the present study we also found that Firmicutes increased from the baseline to the adaptation, but decreased from the adaptation to the SARA challenge, whereas Bacteroidetes increased from the adaptation to the SARA challenge.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epimural bacterial community structure in the rumen of Holstein cows with different responses to a long-term subacute ruminal acidosis diet challenge

Wetzels

Mann

Pourazad

et al. 2017

Journal of Dairy Science

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Subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) is a prevalent metabolic disorder in cattle, characterized by intermittent drops in ruminal pH. This study investigated the effect of a gradual adaptation and continuously induced long-term SARA challenge diet on the epimural bacterial community structure in the rumen of cows. Eight rumen-cannulated nonlactating Holstein cows were transitioned over 1 wk from a forage-based baseline feeding diet (grass silage-hay mix) to a SARA challenge diet, which they were fed for 4 wk. The SARA challenge diet consisted of 60% concentrates (dry matter basis) and 40% grass silage-hay mix. Rumen papillae biopsies were taken at the baseline, on the last day of the 1-wk adaptation, and on the last day of the 4-wk SARA challenge period; ruminal pH was measured using wireless sensors. We isolated DNA from papillae samples for 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing using Illumina MiSeq. Sequencing results of most abundant key phylotypes were confirmed by quantitative PCR. Although they were fed similar amounts of concentrate, cows responded differently in terms of ruminal pH during the SARA feeding challenge. Cows were therefore classified as responders (n = 4) and nonresponders (n = 4): only responders met the SARA criterion of a ruminal pH drop below 5.8 for longer than 330 min/d. Data showed that Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, and Bacteroidetes were the most abundant phyla, and at genus level, Campylobacter and Kingella showed highest relative abundance, at 15.5 and 7.8%, respectively. Diversity analyses revealed a significant increase of diversity after the 1-wk adaptation but a decrease of diversity and species richness after the 4-wk SARA feeding challenge, although without distinction between responders and nonresponders. At the level of the operational taxonomic unit, we detected diet-specific shifts in epimural community structure, but in the overall epimural bacterial community structure, we found no differences between responders and nonresponders. Correlation analysis revealed significant associations between grain intake and operational taxonomic unit abundance. The study revealed major shifts in the 3 dominating phyla and, most importantly, a loss of diversity in the epimural bacterial communities during a long-term SARA diet challenge, in which 60% concentrate supply for 4 wk was instrumental rather than the magnitude of the drop of ruminal pH below 5.8.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epimural bacterial community structure in the rumen of Holstein cows with different responses to a long-term subacute ruminal acidosis diet challenge

Wetzels

Mann

Pourazad

et al. 2017

Journal of Dairy Science

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“…Bacteroidetes, the second most dominant phyla in calves' rumen, may stimulate the development of the digestive tract [109]. In adult cows fed concentrate feed, the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes dropped and cows were more susceptible to SARA [110]. The lower level of Bacteroidetes in calves fed only concentrate could be partly explained by greater feed intakes resulting in low rumen pH.…”

Section: Rumen Microbesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review: How Forage Feeding Early in Life Influences the Growth Rate, Ruminal Environment, and the Establishment of Feeding Behavior in Pre-Weaned Calves

Xiao

Alugongo

et al. 2020

Animals

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The provision of forage to pre-weaned calves has been continuously researched and discussed by scientists, though results associated with calf growth and performance have remained inconsistent. Multiple factors, including forage type, intake level, physical form, and feeding method of both solid and liquid feed, can influence the outcomes of forage inclusion on calf performance. In the current review, we summarized published literature in order to get a comprehensive understanding of how early forage inclusion in diets affects calf growth performance, rumen fermentation, microbiota composition, and the development of feeding behavior. A small amount of good quality forage, such as alfalfa hay, supplemented in the diet, is likely to improve calf feed intake and growth rate. Provision of forage early in life may result in greater chewing (eating and ruminating) activity. Moreover, forage supplementation decreases non-nutritive oral and feed sorting behaviors, which can help to maintain rumen fluid pH and increase the number of cellulolytic bacteria in the rumen. This review argues that forage provision early in life has the potential to affect the rumen environment and the development of feeding behavior in dairy calves. Continued research is required to further understand the long-term effects of forage supplementation in pre-weaned calves, because animal-related factors, such as feed selection and sorting, early in life may persist until later in adult life.

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“…However, its overproduction is one of the mechanisms of subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) creation, which may contribute to damage of the digestive tract and disruption of the optimal ruminal ecosystem, impair nutrients utilization, etc. (Martin et al 2006;Lettat et al 2010;Kim et al 2016;Sato 2016). Calculation of the acetate:propionate ratio is also used when evaluating rumen fermentation (Mirzaei et al 2016;Kim et al 2016).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of different physical forms of starter feed on rumen fermentation indicators and weight gain in calves after weaning

et al. 2017

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The aim of the study was to determine the effect of different physical forms of starter feed on rumen fermentation indicators of calves after weaning and their weight gain. The experiment was performed with Czech Fleckvieh calves after weaning. The calves were fed ad libitum completely pelleted starter feed or texturized starter feed with chopped straw. The rumen fluid samples were collected after a month of feeding the starter feeds. The calves were weighed monthly. The pH, total acidity, total volatile fatty acids, acetate, propionate, butyrate, lactic acid, ammonia and the number of rumen ciliate protozoa were determined in the rumen fluid samples. The calves receiving the starter feed with straw showed significantly higher rumen pH (6.24 ± 0.51 vs. 5.58 ± 0.30), total volatile fatty acids (98.02 ± 20.46 vs. 61.40 ± 26.51 mmol/l), molar proportion of acetate (61.20 ± 4.87 vs. 50.53 ± 4.66%), and the acetate:propionate ratio (2.38 ± 0.53 vs. 1.34 ± 0.18) and lower molar proportion of propionate (26.55 ± 4.48 vs. 37.92 ± 3.58%) compared with the calves receiving pelleted starter feed. Average daily gain of the calves did not differ significantly. The feeding of starter feed with chopped straw compared with the pelleted starter feed led to better development of the rumen fermentation evaluated by rumen pH, by total volatile fatty acids production, and by the proportion and ratio of acetic and propionic acids. The feeding of starter feed with chopped straw reduced the occurrence of subacute ruminal acidosis in the weaned calves.Volatile fatty acids, pelleted starter, starter with chopped straw, subacute ruminal acidosis

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Pathophysiological evaluation of subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) by continuous ruminal pH monitoring

Cited by 44 publications

References 51 publications

Epimural bacterial community structure in the rumen of Holstein cows with different responses to a long-term subacute ruminal acidosis diet challenge

Epimural bacterial community structure in the rumen of Holstein cows with different responses to a long-term subacute ruminal acidosis diet challenge

Review: How Forage Feeding Early in Life Influences the Growth Rate, Ruminal Environment, and the Establishment of Feeding Behavior in Pre-Weaned Calves

The effect of different physical forms of starter feed on rumen fermentation indicators and weight gain in calves after weaning

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