Pathophysiological Effects of Chronic Toxicity with Synthetic Pyrethroid, Organophosphate and Chlorinated Pesticides on Bone Health of Broiler Chicks

Abstract

This experiment evaluated effects following chronic toxicity with 20 ppm fenvalerate (synthetic pyrethroid), 2 ppm monocrotophos (organophosphate) and 2 ppm endosulfan (chlorinated hydrocarbon) on bone health of broiler chicks. A total of 120 chicks were divided equally into 4 groups and were fed poultry mash without (control) or mixed with different pesticides for 8 weeks. Body mass, serum calcium and phosphorus levels were unaffected due to pesticides treatment. However, an increase ( p < 0.01) in serum alkaline phosphatase activity was noted and serum total protein decreased ( p < 0.01) in all treated groups. Roentogenography revealed destructive changes in the upper part of the femur in the monocrotophos group. Endosulfan intoxicated chicks had increased numbers of trabeculae in the medullary cavity. Microscopic alterations of the costochondral junction in intoxicated chicks were similar. The zones of proliferating, maturing and degenerating, and calcifying cartilage cells were reduced in width and the metaphysis in treated birds showed a reduced number of cartilage cells and thinner trabeculae. Due to toxicity, the capillary scaffolding of the degenerating cartilage cells was reduced and a larger number of transverse trabeculae could be seen in the metaphysis. Appositional bone growth studied by the tetracyclicline labeling technique indicated decreased active osteons.

Monocrotophos poisoning through contaminated millet flour

“…At 4 h following administration, glucose was back to normal (12). Similarly, feeding broiler chicks with poultry mash containing 2 mg kg -1 of monocrotophos for eight weeks significantly decreased blood glucose concentration and serum AChE activity compared to control, without signifi cant changes in blood urea nitrogen, total red blood cell (RBC) count, packed cell volume, haemoglobin, eosinophil and monocyte count (13). We, however, found no changes in blood glucose levels after acute monocrotophos poisoning.…”

Haemato-biochemical and immuno-pathophysiological effects of chronic toxicity with synthetic pyrethroid, organophosphate and chlorinated pesticides in broiler chicks

“…Exposure of poultry to pesticides causes health hazards and economic losses, while also posing a potential threat to public health due to the presence of pesticide residues in poultry meat. There are ample of evidences to suggest that the use of pesticides in crops, in storehouses, in poultry houses and livestock body leaves behind its residue causing interference with some of the fundamental biological processes [5][6][7][8][9]. There are many facts of pesticides toxicity, which are still unexplored and need systematic investigation to protect environmental health.…”

In vitro assay and morphological characterization of a new product based on diatomaceous earth for lesser mealworm control in poultry houses

“…In addition to their inefficiency in insect control, environmental and bird health risks are observed with these insecticide applications. Additionally, the emergence of resistant insect populations can occur (GARG et al, 2004;UEMURA et al, 2008;CHERNAKI et al, 2011). Studies with entomopathogenic fungi (ROHDE et al, 2006;ALVES et al, 2015), insecticidal plants (MARCOMINI et al, 2009;ALVES et al, 2012) and inert powders (SANTORO et al, 2010;ALVES et al, 2012) have shown them to be potential alternatives for insect control.…”