Pathophysiologic Changes of Obesity

Kuchta, Kenneth

doi:10.1016/j.atc.2005.03.004

Cited by 39 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…7,8 A rodent model of metabolic syndrome has been generated that is characterized primarily by low aerobic oxidative capacity, 9,10,11 obesity, and risks for complex diseases. 12 In brief, rats from a founder population of genetically heterogeneous rats (N:NIH stock) were artificially selected to diverge into two distinct lines: inherent high aerobic capacity runners (HCRs) and inherent low aerobic capacity runners (LCRs).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of Minimum Alveolar Concentration for Isoflurane and Sevoflurane in a Rodent Model of Human Metabolic Syndrome

Pal

Walton

Lipinski

et al. 2012

Anesthesia &Amp; Analgesia

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Background Morbid obesity affects the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of anesthetics, which may result in inappropriate dosing. We hypothesized that obesity significantly alters the minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) for isoflurane and sevoflurane. In order to test this hypothesis, we used a rodent model of human metabolic syndrome developed through artificial selection for inherent low aerobic capacity runners (LCR) and high aerobic capacity runners (HCR). The LCR rats are obese, display phenotypes homologous to those characteristic of human metabolic syndrome, and exhibit low running endurance. In contrast, HCR rats have high running endurance and are characterized by improved cardiovascular performance as well as overall health. Methods Male and female LCR (n=10) and HCR (n=10) rats were endotracheally intubated and maintained on mechanical ventilation with either isoflurane or sevoflurane. A bracketing design was used to determine MAC; sensory stimulation was induced by tail-clamping. An equilibration period of 30 minutes was provided before and between the consecutive tail clamps. Two-tailed parametric (unpaired t-test) and nonparametric (Mann-Whitney test) statistical tests were used for the comparison of MAC between LCR and HCR rats. The data are reported as mean ± standard deviation along with the 95% confidence interval. A p-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results The MAC for isoflurane in LCR rats (1.52% ± 0.13) was similar to previously reported isoflurane-MAC for normal rats (1.51% ± 0.12). The HCR rats showed a significantly higher isoflurane-MAC (1.90% ± 0.19) as compared to the LCR rats (1.52% ± 0.13) (p = 0.0001). The MAC for sevoflurane was not significantly different between LCR and HCR rats and was similar to the previously published sevoflurane-MAC for normal rats (2.4% ± 0.30). There was no influence of sex on the MAC of either isoflurane or sevoflurane. Conclusion Obesity and associated co-morbidities do not affect anesthetic requirements as measured by MAC in a rodent model of metabolic syndrome. By contrast, high aerobic capacity is associated with a higher MAC for isoflurane and may be a risk factor for subtherapeutic dosing.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of Minimum Alveolar Concentration for Isoflurane and Sevoflurane in a Rodent Model of Human Metabolic Syndrome

Pal

Walton

Lipinski

et al. 2012

Anesthesia &Amp; Analgesia

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…However, certain subgroups might be genetically more sensitive to EDC exposure than other subgroups. The endocrine system may function differently in obese and normal-weight persons (29). For instance, the adipocyte production of hormones such as estrogen and leptin is higher in obese than normal-weight people (30).…”

Section: Tablementioning

confidence: 99%

Association between prenatal polychlorinated biphenyl exposure and obesity development at ages 5 and 7 y: a prospective cohort study of 656 children from the Faroe Islands

Tang-Péronard¹,

Heitmann²,

Andersen³

et al. 2014

The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition

108

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Background: Chemicals with endocrine-disrupting abilities may act as obesogens and interfere with the body's natural weight-control mechanisms, especially if exposure occurs during prenatal life. Objective: We examined the association between prenatal exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and p,p#-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE) and subsequent obesity at 5 and 7 y of age. Design: From 1997 to 2000, 656 pregnant Faroese women were recruited. PCB and DDE were measured in maternal serum and breast milk, and children's weight, height, and waist circumference (WC) were measured at clinical examinations at 5 and 7 y of age. The change in body mass index (BMI) from 5 to 7 y of age was calculated. Analyses were performed by using multiple linear regression models for girls and boys separately, taking into account maternal prepregnancy BMI. Results: For 7-y-old girls who had overweight mothers, PCB was associated with increased BMI (b = 2.07, P = 0.007), and PCB and DDE were associated with an increased change in BMI from 5 to 7 y of age (PCB: b = 1.23, P = 0.003; DDE: b = 1.11, P = 0.008). No association was observed with BMI in girls with normal-weight mothers. PCB was associated with increased WC in girls with overweight mothers (b = 2.48, P = 0.001) and normal-weight mothers (b = 1.25, P = 0.04); DDE was associated with increased WC only in girls with overweight mothers (b = 2.21, P = 0.002). No associations were observed between PCB or DDE and BMI in 5-y-old girls. For boys, no associations were observed. Conclusions: Results suggest that prenatal exposure to PCB and DDE may play a role for subsequent obesity development. Girls whose mothers have a high prepregnancy BMI seem most affected.Am J Clin Nutr 2014;99:5-13.

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“…The progression of this pathology has been associated with an increased predisposition for developing additional morbid conditions, including heart disease, gastrointestinal, pulmonary, renal, hematological and skeletal complications, vascular disease, arthritic disorders, and several types of malignancies (Kopelman 2000, Martin et al 2000, Antic et al 2003, Rubenstein 2005, Kuchta 2005, Poirier et al 2006, Singer & Granger 2007.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tissue-specific selection of stable reference genes for real-time PCR normalization in an obese rat model

Cabiati

Raucci²,

Caselli³

et al. 2012

Journal of Molecular Endocrinology

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Obesity is a complex pathology with interacting and confounding causes due to the environment, hormonal signaling patterns, and genetic predisposition. At present, the Zucker rat is an eligible genetic model for research on obesity and metabolic syndrome, allowing scrutiny of gene expression profiles. Real-time PCR is the benchmark method for measuring mRNA expressions, but the accuracy and reproducibility of its data greatly depend on appropriate normalization strategies. In the Zucker rat model, no specific reference genes have been identified in myocardium, kidney, and lung, the main organs involved in this syndrome. The aim of this study was to select among ten candidates (Actb, Gapdh, Polr2a, Ywhag, Rpl13a, Sdha, Ppia, Tbp, Hprt1andTfrc) a set of reference genes that can be used for the normalization of mRNA expression data obtained by real-time PCR in obese and lean Zucker rats both at fasting and during acute hyperglycemia. The most stable genes in the heart wereSdha, Tbp, andHprt1; in kidney,Tbp,Actb, andGapdhwere chosen, whileActb,Ywhag, andSdhawere selected as the most stably expressed set for pulmonary tissue. The normalization strategy was used to analyze mRNA expression of tumor necrosis factor α, the main inflammatory mediator in obesity, whose variations were more significant when normalized with the appropriately selected reference genes. The findings obtained in this study underline the importance of having three stably expressed reference gene sets for use in the cardiac, renal, and pulmonary tissues of an experimental model of obese and hyperglycemic Zucker rats.

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Pathophysiologic Changes of Obesity

Cited by 39 publications

References 18 publications

Determination of Minimum Alveolar Concentration for Isoflurane and Sevoflurane in a Rodent Model of Human Metabolic Syndrome

Determination of Minimum Alveolar Concentration for Isoflurane and Sevoflurane in a Rodent Model of Human Metabolic Syndrome

Association between prenatal polychlorinated biphenyl exposure and obesity development at ages 5 and 7 y: a prospective cohort study of 656 children from the Faroe Islands

Tissue-specific selection of stable reference genes for real-time PCR normalization in an obese rat model

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