Pathomechanisms of cartilage destruction by mechanical injury

Computational investigation of in situ chondrocyte deformation and actin cytoskeleton remodelling under physiological loading

“…Similarly, Borelli Jr. et al [60] have shown that in vivo chondrocyte apoptosis can be caused by a single impact load. Furthermore in vitro chondrocyte necrosis can be induced by non-physiological stimuli [61]. Such alterations in cell behaviour may be related to the findings of the present study that abnormal strains result in a significant increase in cell deformation and stress during loading.…”

Water‐soluble C60 fullerene prevents degeneration of articular cartilage in osteoarthritis via down‐regulation of chondrocyte catabolic activity and inhibition of cartilage degeneration during disease development

“…Similarly, Green et al demonstrated that chondrocyte death is induced by adherence of inflammatory leukocytes to chondrocytes and by excess production of ROS from chondrocytes in response to mechanical stress to the cartilage (13). These reports clearly indicate that chronic excess production of ROS from chondrocytes, which is induced by mechanical force exerted on the cartilage, plays an important role in the cartilage degeneration that occurs after mechanical injury (10)(11)(12)(13).…”

“…Numerous reports have indicated that the degeneration of articular cartilage is partially mediated by oxygenderived free radicals (8)(9)(10)(11)(12). Kurz et al reported that the extent of mechanical stress on articular cartilage is sufficient to stimulate an excess production of ROS from chondrocytes, leading to depolymerization of hyaluronic acid and chondrocyte death (11,12). Similarly, Green et al demonstrated that chondrocyte death is induced by adherence of inflammatory leukocytes to chondrocytes and by excess production of ROS from chondrocytes in response to mechanical stress to the cartilage (13).…”

“…Recent reports also revealed that chondrocyte aging is closely involved in oxidative stress, such as the induction of ROS by extrinsic stress (e.g., mechanical force) in degenerated articular cartilage (11)(12)(13)19,23). It has been reported that oxygen-derived free radicals directly damage the guanine repeats in the telomere DNA (24)(25)(26)(27).…”

Multiscale cartilage biomechanics: technical challenges in realizing a high-throughput modelling and simulation workflow

“…Such an understanding is necessary as cartilage bears loads exceeding multiple body weights during the activities of daily life and the tissue's resulting mechanical environment can lead to regulation of its structural integrity. Mechanical insults not only result in matrix damage, but may also decrease chondrocyte viability [6]. Chondrocytes also respond to their mechanical environment, where mechanical transduction results in biological responses to maintain the structure of the extracellular environment [5].…”