Pathology of epizootic haematopoietic necrosis virus (EHNV) infection in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum) and redfin perch (Perca fluviatilis L)

Ranavirus Ecology and Evolution: From Epidemiology to Extinction

“…Ranaviruses can be transmitted by contact with infected individuals, through the water or on fomites (e.g., pond substrates), and by consuming part or all of infected animals (Langdon et al 1988 ;Reddacliff and Whittington 1996 ;Jancovich et al 1997 ;Plumb and Zilberg 1999b ;Woodland et al 2002b ;Pearman et al 2004 ;Harp and Petranka 2006 ;Brunner et al 2007 ;Cunningham et al 2007a ;Robert et al 2011 ;Brenes et al 2014a ). Viral mRNA is detectable in the intestines of larval and adult African clawed frogs ( Xenopus laevis ) as early as 3 h after exposure to virus in water and then spreads to other tissues, suggesting that the intestines are a primary point of entry of waterborne virus in amphibians (Robert et al 2011 ).…”

Comparative Pathology of Ranaviruses and Diagnostic Techniques

“…Over-infl ation of the swim bladder has been reported (Grizzle and Brunner 2003 ). Reddacliff and Whittington ( 1996 ) provided detailed descriptions of lesions due to EHNV in redfi n perch ( Perca fl uviatilis ) and rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss ). Sick fi sh were dark, stopped eating, and sometimes were ataxic.…”

“…4 ; Reddacliff and Whittington 1996 ;Cunningham et al 2007 ;Allender et al 2013b ;Bayley et al 2013 ;Cheng et al 2014 ;Waltzek et al 2014 ). The liver, spleen, and kidney (including pronephros and mesonephros) are most commonly affected in fatal cases, and can involve both the hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic components of these tissues (Fig.…”

Viruses of Freshwater Finfish in the Asian–Pacific Region

“…Microscopically, basophilic intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies are found in infected cells. Besides, hyperplasia and multifocal necrosis of gill epithelial cells, necrosis of atrial trabeculae and gastrointestinal epithelial cells, focal pancreatic necrosis, necrotic circulating hematopoietic cells and degenerate vascular endothelial cells in many organs are commonly noticed [37,49,59]. Further, ulcerative dermatitis, swim bladder oedema and necrosis have been described in EHNVinfected rainbow trout [49].…”

“…Besides, hyperplasia and multifocal necrosis of gill epithelial cells, necrosis of atrial trabeculae and gastrointestinal epithelial cells, focal pancreatic necrosis, necrotic circulating hematopoietic cells and degenerate vascular endothelial cells in many organs are commonly noticed [37,49,59]. Further, ulcerative dermatitis, swim bladder oedema and necrosis have been described in EHNVinfected rainbow trout [49]. EHNV is extremely resistant to drying, surviving for months in water, and persisting in frozen fish tissues and carcasses for at least a year [36,58].…”