Pathology of damaging electrical stimulation in the retina

Colodetti, L.S. D.; Weiland, James D.; Colodetti, S.C. Z.; A, Ray; Seiler, Magdalene J.; Hinton, David R.; Humayun, Mark S.

doi:10.1016/j.exer.2007.02.014

Cited by 56 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Graded electrical current spread is also observed well beyond the electrode location (Popovic et al 1991). In addition, investigations into the safety of retinal electrical stimulation showed that direct tissue contact led to important retinal damage (Colodetti et al 2007).…”

mentioning

confidence: 95%

TRPV4 channels mediate the infrared laser-evoked response in sensory neurons

Albert

Bec

Desmadryl

et al. 2012

Journal of Neurophysiology

209

216

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mentioning

confidence: 95%

TRPV4 channels mediate the infrared laser-evoked response in sensory neurons

Albert

Bec

Desmadryl

et al. 2012

Journal of Neurophysiology

209

216

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“…92,93 Epiretinal stimulation of the healthy rat retina revealed a preservation of the inner retinal layers despite the close location of the stimulating electrode; 92,93 however, the delicacy of the retina to any contact was again shown in these studies, 92,93 as there was a significant decrease in outer retinal thickness measurements when an electrode was in contact with the retina regardless of stimulation. Furthermore, electrical stimulation combined with retina-electrode contact increased the area of retinal damage.…”

Section: Integrity Of the Neural Retina Following Stimulationmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Furthermore, electrical stimulation combined with retina-electrode contact increased the area of retinal damage. 92 This highlights that epiretinal electrode arrays may not be able to be positioned in tight contact with the nerve fibre layer, as it may exacerbate cell loss. There will need to be a trade-off between obtaining the smallest distance from the target neurons to reduce thresholds and the minimisation of cellular changes attributed to the presence of the implant.…”

Section: Integrity Of the Neural Retina Following Stimulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electronic restoration of vision in those with photoreceptor degenerations

O'Brien

Greferath

Vessey

et al. 2012

Clinical and Experimental Optometry

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“…In the case of implantable stimulators, such as retinal prostheses, there is the additional consideration that the electrical parameters should be within safe limits. Patient safety is paramount, so devices must be rigorously tested in preclinical studies before advancing to a clinical setting [9][10][11][12][13][14][15] . In our companion article, we described a method for assessing the localized histopathology of the eye surrounding an implant positioned in the suprachoroidal space 16 The epiretinal location is the most commonly utilised position for locating a visual prosthesis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Techniques for Processing Eyes Implanted with a Retinal Prosthesis for Localized Histopathological Analysis: Part 2 Epiretinal Implants with Retinal Tacks

Nayagam

Durmo²,

McGowan

et al. 2015

JoVE

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Retinal prostheses for the treatment of certain forms of blindness are gaining traction in clinical trials around the world with commercial devices currently entering the market. In order to evaluate the safety of these devices, in preclinical studies, reliable techniques are needed. However, the hard metal components utilised in some retinal implants are not compatible with traditional histological processes, particularly in consideration for the delicate nature of the surrounding tissue. Here we describe techniques for assessing the health of the eye directly adjacent to a retinal implant secured epiretinally with a metal tack.Retinal prostheses feature electrode arrays in contact with eye tissue. The most commonly used location for implantation is the epiretinal location (posterior chamber of the eye), where the implant is secured to the retina with a metal tack that penetrates all the layers of the eye. Previous methods have not been able to assess the proximal ocular tissue with the tack in situ, due to the inability of traditional histological techniques to cut metal objects. Consequently, it has been difficult to assess localized damage, if present, caused by tack insertion.Therefore, we developed a technique for visualizing the tissue around a retinal tack and implant. We have modified an established technique, used for processing and visualizing hard bony tissue around a cochlear implant, for the soft delicate tissues of the eye. We orientated and embedded the fixed eye tissue, including the implant and retinal tack, in epoxy resin, to stabilise and protect the structure of the sample. Embedded samples were then ground, polished, stained, and imaged under various magnifications at incremental depths through the sample. This technique allowed the reliable assessment of eye tissue integrity and cytoarchitecture adjacent to the metal tack.

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Pathology of damaging electrical stimulation in the retina

Cited by 56 publications

References 22 publications

TRPV4 channels mediate the infrared laser-evoked response in sensory neurons

TRPV4 channels mediate the infrared laser-evoked response in sensory neurons

Electronic restoration of vision in those with photoreceptor degenerations

Techniques for Processing Eyes Implanted with a Retinal Prosthesis for Localized Histopathological Analysis: Part 2 Epiretinal Implants with Retinal Tacks

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