Pathology of Bone Marrow

Hashimoto, Michio

doi:10.1159/000206782

Cited by 77 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…In class 3, red marrow is absent in the femoral marrow cavity except in the intertrochanteric region corresponding to a type 0 MR marrow signal. Anatomic class 1 red marrow distribution was considered suspecrive of being pathologic [21]. Based on the present study, however, it may only reflect a physiologic response to increased erythrocyte demand.…”

Section: Red Marrow Reconversionmentioning

confidence: 75%

“…The low to intermediate signal intensity areas in the distal femur that were observed on Tl-weighted spin-echo and opposed-phase gradient-echo images reflecting hematopoietic marrow within or adjacent to high-intensity fatty marrow represent a deviation from the reported adult pattern of red-yellow marrow distribution [15,21]. The presence of hematopoietic marrow in the distal femur in adult patients can be explained by marrow reconversion or residual red marrow areas.…”

Section: Red Marrow Reconversionmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…Although this may hold true for the normal anatomic situation, it appears, based on our MR imaging findings, that red marrow reconversion and repopulation of fatty nutrient marrow with hematopoietic cell elements originates primarily in areas that are close to the nutrient artery system. Hashimoto [21] described a classification system for the distribution of hematopoietic marrow in the femur that differentiates three different types. In class 1, the entire proximal and distal femoral marrow space is occupied by red marrow corresponding to a type IV signal pattern on MR imaging.…”

Section: Red Marrow Reconversionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hematopoietic bone marrow in the adult knee: spin-echo and opposed-phase gradient-echo MR imaging

et al. 1993

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Hematopoietic bone marrow in the distal femur of the adult may be mistaken for a pathologic marrow process in magnetic resonance imaging of the knee. We investigated the incidence of hematopoietic marrow in the distal femur in a series of 51 adult patients and compared spin-echo (TR/TE in ms: 500/35, 2000/80) and opposed-phase gradient-echo (0.35 T, TR/TE in ms: 1000/30, theta = 75 degrees) magnetic resonance images. Zones with intermediate to low signal intensity on T1-weighted spin-echo and opposed-phase gradient-echo sequences representing hematopoietic marrow within high signal intensity fatty marrow were observed in 18 of the 51 patients. Five patterns of marrow signal reduction were identified; type 0: uniform high signal, i.e., no signal change; type I, focal signal loss; type II, multifocal signal loss without confluence; type III, confluent signal loss; and type IV, complete homogeneous reduction in marrow signal. Opposed-phase gradient-echo sequences demonstrated markedly greater red-yellow marrow contrast than conventional spin-echo sequences. Follow-up studies in three patients using a gradient-echo sequence with TE varying from 10 to 21 ms at 1-ms increments showed a cyclic increase and decrease in red and yellow marrow signal intensity depending on the TE. The contribution of intravoxel chemical shift effects on red-yellow marrow contrast in opposed-phase gradient-echo images was verified by almost complete cancellation of the TE-dependent marrow signal oscillation with use of a chemically selective pulse presaturating the water protons. Hematopoietic marrow in the adult distal femur in the absence of hematologic abnormalities is found primarily in women of menstruating age.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

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Section: Red Marrow Reconversionmentioning

confidence: 75%

Section: Red Marrow Reconversionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Section: Red Marrow Reconversionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hematopoietic bone marrow in the adult knee: spin-echo and opposed-phase gradient-echo MR imaging

et al. 1993

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“…These reports suggest that the bone marrow of most cases with the 'nonblastic' form might be seeded with hyperdiploid blast cells developed during progress of acute transformation in an extramedullary site, especially in the spleen. Based on systematic studies of large specimens from autopsy cases, H ashimoto [12] classified the bone marrow of acute transforma tion into two types, A and B. Type A was characterized by proliferative foci of blast cells in addition to the typical histological picture of CML.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Progression and Prognosis of Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia in the Acute Stage: Hematologic and Cytogenetic Aspects

Motomura¹,

Ogi²,

Kaneko³

1976

Acta Haematol

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Ten patients with Ph¹ chromosome-positive chronic myelogenous leukemia entering the acute stage were divided hematologically into two different groups. One was characterized by a predominance of myeloblasts in marrow and was cytogenetic either by diploid or hypodiploid, whereas the other had generally low myeloblast counts without significant differences between the peripheral blood and the bone marrow, and was characterized by hyperdiploidy. It is suggested that an extramedullary acute transformation in the spleen occurs primarily in most cases of the latter group.

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“…A long duration of erythropoietin stimulation also may be necessary since patients with a long history of hemolytic anemia or polycythemia vera are more likely to show increased erythropoiesis in the extremities (8,18). Finally, the less extensive infiltration below the mid-femur by certain malignancies may provide a more normal anatomy for compensatory erythropoiesis in some patients (19).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Erythropoiesis in the anemia of bone marrow failure

Alexanian¹,

Alfrey²

1970

J. Clin. Invest.

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A B S T R A CT The quantitative relationship between red cell volume, erythropoietin level, and erythropoiesis was evaluated in 43 human beings. Results in normal man were compared with studies in patients with anemia from bone marrow failure and with polycythemia vera. The maximum erythropoietin excretion after bleeding normal men was similar to the basal levels found in patients with chronic anemia of similar magnitude. Although erythropoietin values were low in patients with polycythemia vera, bleeding evoked a normal response. In patients anemic from bone marrow failure, basal levels were elevated, and phlebotomy resulted in an increase consistent with the new level of anemia. These observations indicate that erythropoietin level is affected primarily by the degree of anemia and is not influenced by the duration of anemia. In normal subjects, a fivefold increase in urinary erythropoietin was associated with a doubling of erythropoiesis. Despite similar degrees of erythropoietin production, anemic patients with evidence of bone marrow in the lower extremities had greater red cell production. In patients with polycythemia vera, red cell production was inappropriately elevated with regard to the urinary erythropoietin excretion. Bone marrow maturation time was not shortened in patients anemic from bone marrow failure to the same degree as in bled, normal volunteers. In addition to an adequate level of erythropoietin production, normal bone marrow function is necessary for maximal shortening of maturation time.

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Pathology of Bone Marrow

Cited by 77 publications

References 10 publications

Hematopoietic bone marrow in the adult knee: spin-echo and opposed-phase gradient-echo MR imaging

Hematopoietic bone marrow in the adult knee: spin-echo and opposed-phase gradient-echo MR imaging

Progression and Prognosis of Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia in the Acute Stage: Hematologic and Cytogenetic Aspects

Erythropoiesis in the anemia of bone marrow failure

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