Pathology of acute respiratory distress in the dog associated with paraquat poisoning

Kelly, D. F.; Morgan, D. Gwyn; Darke, P. G. G.; Gibbs, Christine; Pearson, Harold E.; Weaver, BM

doi:10.1016/0021-9975(78)90031-2

Cited by 31 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Fibrinoid necrosis of tunica media ofepicardial and intramural coronary arteries has been described in association with paraquat poisoning ( Fig. 11) (24). In experimental digoxin toxicosis (41), there is vacuolar degeneration ofsmooth muscle of intramural arterioles with medial hemorrhage, fibrinoid necrosis and leukocyte infiltration of media and adventitia.…”

Section: ) Toxicarterial Necrosis This Is Less Commonlymentioning

confidence: 98%

Classification of Naturally Occurring Arterial Disease in the Dog

Kelly

1989

Toxicol Pathol

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Evaluation of induced arterial toxicity in safety assessment of drugs involves recognition of morphologic differences between groups of animals. In this organ system, as in all others, it is necessary to be familiar with the background pathology that can occur in control animals of the test species, since such lesion "noise" may complicate the evaluation of drug-related effects if naturally occurring diseases have morphologic features in common with those that can be produced by drugs. Background arterial lesions have been regarded as relatively unimportant in both the laboratory-maintained beagle and in the larger range of domesticated breeds of dog and few of these vascular lesions lead, per se, to functional organ compromise. At least this appears to be the case in young and middle-aged subjects, within the epidemiologic limits of data from veterinary medical centers where systematic and thorough necropsies are done and recorded. Arterial lesions are, however, not uncommon naturally occurring incidental necropsy findings in dogs; however, in most cases they are of uncertain functional significance. This presentation summarizes the main pathologic patterns of lesions that can affect arteries in dogs that are not used in safety evaluation studies. The main patterns can be classified as degenerative, proliferative, and inflammatory, although there is some overlap between these partly arbitrary designations. In some cases, etiopathogenesis of the arterial lesion is unclear; in others, there are clear associations with disease processes in other organ systems. Congenital vascular lesions and vascular components of congenital cardiac defects are excluded from consideration since such lesions are unlikely to occur in dog populations used in the safety assessment of drugs.

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Section: ) Toxicarterial Necrosis This Is Less Commonlymentioning

confidence: 98%

Classification of Naturally Occurring Arterial Disease in the Dog

Kelly

1989

Toxicol Pathol

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“…O dano tecidual decorrente ocorre principalmente nos pulmões e é caracterizado pela necrose dose-dependente dos pneumócitos do tipo I e por congestão, edema e hemorragia pulmonares (REBELLO & MASON, 1978;KELLY et al, 1978). Os pneumócitos do tipo II proliferam em resposta à perda de células do epitélio alveolar e progressiva fibrose intersticial ocorre após vários dias.…”

Section: Toxicodinâmicaunclassified

“…Os pneumócitos do tipo II proliferam em resposta à perda de células do epitélio alveolar e progressiva fibrose intersticial ocorre após vários dias. Outros efeitos tóxicos do paraquat incluem necrose do miocárdio, necrose hepática periacinar, necrose dos túbulos renais e necrose adrenocortical (KELLY et al, 1978 (JOHNSON & HUXTABLE, 1976), carcaça tratada, vômito de outro cão intoxicado e de forma não identificada em ambiente rural onde houve aplicação do produto (DARKE et al, 1977) ou intencionalmente (BISCHOFF et al, 1998;COPE, et al, 2004;SHULER et al, 2004). O rebanho pode acidentalmente ter acesso às áreas pulverizadas e, em muitas circunstâncias, como em áreas de silvicultura e em terrenos não cercados, é impossível manter o rebanho sempre longe da pastagem pulverizada (CALDERBANK et al, 1968).…”

Section: Toxicodinâmicaunclassified

Os riscos e danos nas intoxicações por paraquat em animais domésticos

et al. 2007

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“…Later, alveolar fibrosis and hyperplasia of bronchiolar epithelial cells are evident (Kelly et al . 1978 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Paraquat intoxication and associated pathological findings in three dogs in South Africa

Williams

Whitehead

Wilpe

2016

J. S. Afr. Vet. Assoc.

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Paraquat is a bipyridylium non-selective contact herbicide commonly used worldwide. When ingestion occurs by humans and animals either accidentally, intentionally or maliciously, paraquat selectively accumulates in the lungs resulting in the production of oxygen-free radicals, causing membrane damage and cell death. Intoxicated subjects typically show progressive and fatal pulmonary haemorrhage, collapse and oedema. In individuals surviving the acute phase, pulmonary fibrosis develops. Gastrointestinal-, renal- and central nervous system clinical signs may also occur. Owing to the lack of effective treatment and absence of an antidote, the prognosis is poor. The clinical presentation, clinicopathological findings and treatment are briefly described of three dogs from one South African household, intoxicated with paraquat. Macroscopic and microscopic lesions in one dog that was necropsied, as well as pulmonary ultrastructure are detailed and illustrated for academic reference. All dogs presented with tachypnoea and dyspnoea 2–3 days after accidental paraquat ingestion. Treatment was aimed at reducing gastrointestinal absorption, enhancing elimination by diuresis and avoiding further oxidative damage by administration of antioxidants. All dogs, however, became progressively hypoxic despite treatment and were euthanised. Paraquat toxicity should be a differential diagnosis in dogs with unexplained progressive respiratory and gastrointestinal signs and renal failure. The local veterinary profession should be aware of accidental or intentional paraquat toxicity of animals. Existing literature, variations possible in canine clinical signs, measured parameters, lesions, as well as possible treatments, promising experimental antidotes and management options are discussed.

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Pathology of acute respiratory distress in the dog associated with paraquat poisoning

Cited by 31 publications

References 22 publications

Classification of Naturally Occurring Arterial Disease in the Dog

Classification of Naturally Occurring Arterial Disease in the Dog

Os riscos e danos nas intoxicações por paraquat em animais domésticos

Paraquat intoxication and associated pathological findings in three dogs in South Africa

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