Pathology in Practice

Wayne, Annie; Mouser, Pamela J.; Brum, Douglas E

doi:10.2460/javma.243.7.971

Cited by 4 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Feline pancreatolithiasis is rare and to the authors’ knowledge, only three reports of pancreatolithiasis in cats have been published in literature 1 13 14. In all cases, the stones were mainly composed of calcium carbonate and the cats had marked chronic pancreatitis and pancreatic atrophy, with pancreatic insufficiency secondary to pancreatic duct stone obstruction.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pancreatolithiasis in a cat with chronic pancreatitis

Chilla¹,

Fischer²,

Neumann³

2020

Vet Record Case Reports

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Pancreatolithiasis has been described in humans and cattle. In cats, only three reports have documented the condition so far. In humans, pancreatolithiasis is associated with chronic pancreatitis, whereas in cattle, the condition is asymptomatic. In humans, decreased pancreatic stone protein (PSP) levels may promote the crystallisation and deposition of calcium carbonate.This case report describes a cat with chronic pancreatitis and pancreatolithiasis. The mechanism of pancreatolith formation in cats remains unclear because we have paucity of information about this condition in cats. Compared with humans, pancreatolithiasis seems to be more common than in cats. Determining the consequences of chronic pancreatitis in cats requires an investigation of feline PSP and other factors. This might reduce the risk of pancreatoliths.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pancreatolithiasis in a cat with chronic pancreatitis

Chilla¹,

Fischer²,

Neumann³

2020

Vet Record Case Reports

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“…The mineral composition of the calculi was not determined in our cow, but mineral analyses of human, bovine, and feline pancreatoliths showed that the calculi were mainly calcium carbonate and calcium phosphate. 1,19,20 The calculi in the cow in our study were negative by von Kossa stain, but the pancreatic tissue had been demineralized for histologic examination. As reported previously for cattle and humans, pancreatic calculi were associated with chronic ductal inflammation and chronic fibrosing pancreatitis.…”

Section: Brief Communicationmentioning

confidence: 65%

Bovine pancreatolithiasis: case report and review of the literature

Lopez

McKenna

2018

J VET Diagn Invest

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An 8-y-old lactating Holstein cow was presented to the herd veterinarian with a history of acute ataxia, and because of poor prognosis, the animal was euthanized and submitted for postmortem examination. A lumbar vertebra was incompletely fractured and had an adjacent subdural hematoma. The pancreas had a hard texture with exaggerated nodular appearance, and on cut surface, the pancreatic ducts appeared fibrotic and contained scores of round-to-faceted pancreatoliths of 0.5-2.0 mm diameter. These calculi extended from the major ducts to the pancreatic duct, sphincter, and into the duodenal lumen. Microscopically, the pancreas had severe acinar atrophy and dissecting glandular fibrosis. The major pancreatic ducts were ulcerated with fibrosis and inflammation. In humans, chronic pancreatitis has been linked to osteoporosis and increased risk of bone fractures. Manual evaluation of ribs at the time of autopsy did not reveal abnormalities in bone pliability or fragility in our cow.

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“…In human pancreatolithiasis, a reduction in pancreatic stone protein is thought to result in a supersaturation of calcium carbonate, which is then deposited over an inner nidus to form a pancreatolith. 3 Given that most reported feline pancreatoliths to date are composed of 100% calcium carbonate, 1,5,7 we postulate that a similar pathomechanism may be involved in feline pancreatolith formation. Furthermore, this case adds weight to the association between pancreatolithiasis as a sequela to chronic pancreatitis, as reported in the human literature.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Disease associations reported in cases of feline pancreatolithiasis include chronic pancreatitis, pancreatic nodular hyperplasia, pancreatic pseudobladder, duplicate gallbladder, inflammatory bowel disease and exocrine pancreatic insufficiency; the last may result from pancreatic duct obstruction. 1,[4][5][6][7] Previously documented haematological abnormalities in cats with pancreatolithiasis include non-regenerative anaemia and neutrophilia, although one case presented with mild neutropenia; serum biochemistry abnormalities included increases in AST and ALT activity, hypoalbuminaemia and hypocholesterolaemia. 1,4,5,7 Interestingly, in 3/4 cases in which serum biochemistry values are reported, ALP, gamma-glutamyl transferase and bilirubin were within normal limits indicating that biochemical evidence of cholestasis is not always a significant feature in these cases.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Pancreatolithiasis is well reported in the human literature; 1-3 however, only five feline cases, and sporadic bovine cases, have been documented in the veterinary literature. [1][2][4][5][6][7][8] Pancreatolithiasis can occur in up to 50-90% of humans as a sequela to chronic pancreatitis, regardless of the aetiology. 3,9,10 In most cats, as in humans, the pancreatic duct joins the common bile duct before entering the duodenum at the Ampulla of Vater, behind the duodenal papilla.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Obstructive pancreatolithiasis in a cat with triaditis and concurrent hypercalcaemia

Allan

Peschard

Schiavo

et al. 2021

Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery Open Reports

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Case summary A 7-year-old neutered female domestic longhair cat was presented for further investigation of suspected hepatobiliary disease. Increases in serum 1,2-o-dilauryl-rac-glycero-3-glutaric acid-(6'-methylresorufin) ester lipase and hepatobiliary enzymes, with concurrent hypoalbuminaemia, were documented on blood biochemistry. Abdominal ultrasonography findings were consistent with acute pancreatitis with multiple pancreatoliths visualised within the pancreatic duct. Treatment for suspected triaditis was initiated with a hydrolysed protein diet, amoxicillin–clavulanate, hepatoprotectants and buprenorphine. Fifty-three days later, the patient presented with hypercalcaemia and obstructive pancreatolithiasis, and was euthanased. Post-mortem examination revealed severe chronic active pancreatitis with moderate chronic lymphocytic, plasmacytic cholangiohepatitis and mild chronic lymphocytic–plasmacytic duodenal enteritis (triaditis). Multiple calcium carbonate pancreatoliths present within the pancreatic ducts had resulted in pancreatic duct obstruction. Relevance and novel information Pancreatolithiasis is a very rare condition in cats, with only five reports to date. In human medicine, pancreatolithiasis is often a sequala to chronic pancreatitis, seen in up to 50–90% of patients. However, in cats the aetiology of pancreatolithiasis, and indeed chronic pancreatitis, is poorly understood. This report describes a case of obstructive pancreatolithiasis in a cat with histopathological confirmation of triaditis and is the first report of hypercalcaemia in a cat with obstructive pancreatolithiasis. This further adds to the evidence base that pancreatolithiasis may have a similar pathogenesis to humans and can develop secondarily to chronic pancreatitis in cats.

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Pathology in Practice

Cited by 4 publications

References 10 publications

Pancreatolithiasis in a cat with chronic pancreatitis

Pancreatolithiasis in a cat with chronic pancreatitis

Bovine pancreatolithiasis: case report and review of the literature

Obstructive pancreatolithiasis in a cat with triaditis and concurrent hypercalcaemia

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