Pathology and Pathogenesis of the Disease

Infection with classical swine fever virus: effects on phenotype and immune responsiveness of porcine T lymphocytes.

“…Involvement of the lymphatic system, such as thymus atrophy, destruction of lymph follicles in lymph nodes as well as a leukopenia and B-cell depletion, has been reported in connection with CSFV infection of pigs (Trautwein, 1988 ;Susa et al, 1992). Furthermore, virus infection of leucocytes and lymphatic tissues has been described (Ressang, 1973 a, b ;Susa et al, 1992).…”

An Overview of the Immune Evasion Strategies Adopted by Different Viruses with Special Reference to Classical Swine Fever Virus

“…Monocytotropic viruses such as CSFV can employ such a mechanism as the virus can suppress immune responses and induce apoptosis without infecting lymphocytes. The virus infects both conventional dendritic cells (cDCs) and plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) [141,142,143]. The infected DCs display neither modulated MHC nor CD80/86 expression.…”

Localization of Classical Swine Fever Virus from Chronically Infected Pigs by In Situ Hybridization and Immunohistochemistry

“…17 The histopathologic changes in the lymphoid tissues of pigs with chronic CSFV infection are also nonspecific, and viral inclusions are not seen. 1,27,28 In this study viral nucleic acid and antigen were detected in formalin-fixed, paraffinembedded lymphoid tissue samples by in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry. But viral nucleic acid was detected in some tissue sections in the absence of viral antigen.…”

“…9 The disease is characterized by a peracute, acute, subacute, chronic, atypical, or inapparent course. 27,30,31 Chronic CSF is a lethal disease with a duration of at least 30 days. 18 There is often little evidence of CSF in terms of petechial hemorrhages in most organ systems, but a single organ system (lung, gastrointestinal tract, and central nervous system) may be predominantly affected.…”

“…30,31 The clinical signs may often be uncharacteristic and misleading; therefore, chronic CSF was erroneously called atypical CSF. 6,27 Brief Communications and Case Reports Chronic CSF has been observed under both natural and experimental conditions. 5,19 Although the pathogenesis of chronic CSF is poorly understood, it is usually associated with low-virulent strain infection or host factors.…”