Pathology and genomics of pediatric melanoma: A critical reexamination and new insights

Bahrami, Armita; Barnhill, Raymond L.

doi:10.1002/pbc.26792

Cited by 33 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 105 publications

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“…Since the diagnosis of primary Spitzoid melanoma by conventional methods (for example, conventional ABCDE [asymmetry, border irregularity, color variation, diameter >6 mm, and evolution] criteria, dermoscopy, histopathological diagnosis by HE staining) is challenging [ 2 , 5 ], recently, several diagnostic tools were developed [ 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 ]. Indeed, Bahrami et al [ 5 ] reviewed the molecular biology of pediatric melanoma, including Spitzoid melanoma, suggesting that the specific kinase gene fusion (including NTRK1, NTRK3, ALK, ROS1, RET, MET, and BRAF) might be useful for the diagnosis of Spitzoid melanoma [ 5 , 6 , 7 ]. A chromosomal copy number status detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization or complete genomic hybridization could also be useful [ 5 , 8 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Indeed, Bahrami et al [ 5 ] reviewed the molecular biology of pediatric melanoma, including Spitzoid melanoma, suggesting that the specific kinase gene fusion (including NTRK1, NTRK3, ALK, ROS1, RET, MET, and BRAF) might be useful for the diagnosis of Spitzoid melanoma [ 5 , 6 , 7 ]. A chromosomal copy number status detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization or complete genomic hybridization could also be useful [ 5 , 8 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Metastatic PRAME-Expressing Juvenile Spitzoid Melanoma on the Buttock

et al. 2020

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Since the cost of molecular biological methods for Spitzoid neoplasms is expensive, the number of institutes that employ these methods might be limited. Preferentially expressed antigen in melanoma (PRAME) is a tumor-associated antigen that is useful to distinguish melanoma from other melanocytic disorders, including pediatric Spitzoid tumors that are difficult to diagnose by conventional methods alone. In this report, we report a case of PRAME-expressing juvenile Spitzoid melanoma with lymph node metastasis. Unexpectedly, there were few PRAME-expressing cells in the primary tumor, whereas most metastatic tumors expressed PRAME in the metastatic lymph node. These observations might suggest that, in Spitzoid melanomas, a limited number of melanoma cells possess metastatic potential and that metastatic lesions possess clonality.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metastatic PRAME-Expressing Juvenile Spitzoid Melanoma on the Buttock

et al. 2020

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“…In principle, the standardized histological report should be prepared by experienced dermato‐pathologists, or pathologists expert in adult melanoma. It is worth to emphasize the need for an integrated pathologic and molecular approach (e.g., TERT analysis) to better define the diagnosis and the potential clinical course 19 …”

Section: Diagnostic Workupmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cutaneous melanoma in children and adolescents: The EXPeRT/PARTNER diagnostic and therapeutic recommendations

Ferrari

Almaraz

Réguerre

et al. 2021

Pediatric Blood & Cancer

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Cutaneous melanoma is rare in children and, like other very rare pediatric tumors, it suffers from a shortage of knowledge and clinical expertise. The clinical management of pediatric melanoma is often challenging. Its clinical and pathological diagnosis may be difficult, and there is no standard treatment. In the absence of specific treatment guidelines, young patients are generally treated following the same principle as for adults, but concern remains about their access to clinical trials and new drugs, which have been shown to dramatically change the natural history of advanced melanoma. This paper presents the internationally recognized recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of children and adolescents with cutaneous melanoma, established by the European Cooperative Study Group for Pediatric Rare Tumors

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“…9 Moreover, they are more often located on the head and neck region and on the extremities and belong to the Spitzoid subtype. 9,12 In adolescents (≥11 years), conventional melanoma is the prevailing subtype, 13 which shares morphologic (superficial spreading and nodular) and molecular features with adult melanoma and is mainly located on the trunk. 4,12 Acral lentiginous melanoma and lentigo maligna types are exceedingly rare.…”

Section: Pediatric Melanoma Subtypesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…9,12 In adolescents (≥11 years), conventional melanoma is the prevailing subtype, 13 which shares morphologic (superficial spreading and nodular) and molecular features with adult melanoma and is mainly located on the trunk. 4,12 Acral lentiginous melanoma and lentigo maligna types are exceedingly rare. 9 Melanomas can also develop in uterus, although this is extremely rare and does not constitute a different subtype of melanoma.…”

Section: Pediatric Melanoma Subtypesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pediatric Melanoma: Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, Diagnosis and Management

Neves

Duarte

Lopes

2020

SPDV

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Pediatric melanoma is the most common skin cancer in children. However, it is extremely rare this population, being even rarer in younger than 10 years of age. Its diagnosis is often difficult, due to its rarity and atypical presentations. There are three main subtypes of pediatric melanoma: Spitzoid melanoma, melanoma arising in a congenital melanocytic nevus and conventional melanoma. Congenital melanomas exist and are exceptionally rare, although they do not constitute a different subtype of melanoma. Spitzoid melanoma is the most common subtype affecting children younger than 11 years. Despite presenting with local aggressive features and frequent nodal involvement, it encompasses an excellent prognosis. The risk of malignant transformation of congenital melanocytic nevi varies widely accordingly to the projected adult size, number, and concomitant abnormalities found in the central nervous system. The surveillance and treatment of melanoma arising in a congenital melanocytic nevus is challenging, enclosing poor outcomes. In adolescents, the most common subtype is the conventional (adult-type). Contrary to the adult population, the majority of conventional pediatric melanoma arises from previous nevi but follows the general adult epidemiology and risk factors. Specific guidelines for management of pediatric melanoma do not exist and it is treated similarly to melanoma in the adult.

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Pathology and genomics of pediatric melanoma: A critical reexamination and new insights

Cited by 33 publications

References 105 publications

Metastatic PRAME-Expressing Juvenile Spitzoid Melanoma on the Buttock

Metastatic PRAME-Expressing Juvenile Spitzoid Melanoma on the Buttock

Cutaneous melanoma in children and adolescents: The EXPeRT/PARTNER diagnostic and therapeutic recommendations

Pediatric Melanoma: Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, Diagnosis and Management

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