Pathology and familial incidence of orchitis and its relation to thyroiditis in a closed beagle colony

Fritz, T.E.; Lombard, Louise S.; Tyler, Sylvanus A.; Norris, William P.

doi:10.1016/0014-4800(76)90002-2

Cited by 69 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…This finding is contrary to those of previous reports in people, other species, and other dogs. [1][2][3][4][5][6]8 We acknowledge the problems inherent in the small sample size used in this study. Nevertheless, because the dogs in this study were profoundly and overtly hypothyroid and the study was carefully controlled over a 2-year observation period, it is reasonable to expect an effect on reproductive function to have been evident, if one exists.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The most common causes of canine hypothyroidism are lymphocytic thyroiditis and idiopathic thyroid atrophy. 1 Hypothyroidism is reported to cause subfertility, poor semen quality, and decreased libido in several species, including people, rats, goats, and dogs, [1][2][3][4][5][6][7] but the mechanisms by which this occurs have not been elucidated. Lymphocytic thyroiditis associated with lymphocytic orchitis has been described as an inherited condition in a colony of Beagles.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lymphocytic thyroiditis associated with lymphocytic orchitis has been described as an inherited condition in a colony of Beagles. 2 Affected dogs had decreased testicular size and subfertility or sterility. Subnormal fertility and poor semen quality were reported in a colony of Borzois with lymphocytic thyroiditis, but testicular biopsies were not evaluated in those dogs.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Effect of 131 I‐Induced Hypothyroidism on Indices of Reproductive Function in Adult Male Dogs

Johnson¹,

Olivier²,

Rf³

et al. 1999

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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Hypothyroidism has been cited as a cause of infertility, abnormal semen quality, and poor libido in people and animals. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of hypothyroidism on variables indicative of reproductive function in adult male dogs. Nine normal dogs were randomly assigned to 2 groups. Hypothyroidism was induced with 131 I in 6 dogs. Three dogs remained untreated, normal, and euthyroid. Thyroid hormone concentrations, body weight, clinical signs, and reproductive function were determined for each dog every 3 months for 2 years. Reproductive function was assessed by determining daily sperm output, total scrotal width, spermatozoal motility and morphology, libido, and serum testosterone and luteinizing hormone concentration responses to exogenous gonadotropin-releasing hormone. The 131 I-treated dogs developed clinical and laboratory signs of hypothyroidism. In the hypothyroid dogs, serum concentrations of thyroid hormones were consistently below the reference range and were significantly lower than that in the euthyroid dogs. There was no difference in reproductive function between the hypothyroid and euthyroid dogs. The results of this study show that 131 I-induced hypothyroidism does not affect indices of reproductive function in adult male dogs.Key words: Luteinizing hormone; Scrotal width; Semen; Spermatogenesis; Testosterone.H ypothyroidism is a frequently diagnosed endocrine disorder in dogs. The most common causes of canine hypothyroidism are lymphocytic thyroiditis and idiopathic thyroid atrophy. 1 Hypothyroidism is reported to cause subfertility, poor semen quality, and decreased libido in several species, including people, rats, goats, and dogs, 1-7 but the mechanisms by which this occurs have not been elucidated. Lymphocytic thyroiditis associated with lymphocytic orchitis has been described as an inherited condition in a colony of Beagles. 2 Affected dogs had decreased testicular size and subfertility or sterility. Subnormal fertility and poor semen quality were reported in a colony of Borzois with lymphocytic thyroiditis, but testicular biopsies were not evaluated in those dogs. 8 In both colonies, hypothyroidism did not develop until dogs were Ն2 years old. Lymphocytic thyroiditis and lymphocytic orchitis are considered to be immune-mediated diseases. Whether hypothyroidism causes decreased fertility or whether decreased fertility is a result of lymphocytic orchitis that occurs simultaneously with, but not as a direct result of, lymphocytic thyroiditis is unknown. Whether hypothyroidism in the Beagle and Borzoi colonies is representative of canine hypothyroidism is also not known. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of experimentally induced hypothyroidism on reproductive function in adult male dogs. Materials and Methods Dog Selection and Study DesignNine male Beagles, 11-17 months of age, weighing 10.9-15 kg, were determined to be normal on the basis of physical examination, negative Brucella canis serology, normal libido, normal seminal characteristics...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of 131 I‐Induced Hypothyroidism on Indices of Reproductive Function in Adult Male Dogs

Johnson¹,

Olivier²,

Rf³

et al. 1999

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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“…e-mail: Kawakami@nvlu.ac.jp dog have been caused by orchitis [1,4] and endocrine dysfunction [5][6][7][8], in many cases of spermatogenic arrest the cause is unknown [2,3,10,11]. The mean plasma T level in normal dogs is 2.05  0.24 (S.E.)…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in Plasma Testosterone Level and Semen Quality after Frequent Injections of GnRH Analogue in a Beagle Dog with Azoospermia

Kawakami

Hori

Tsutsui

2009

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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ABSTRACT. A Beagle with a low plasma testosterone (T) level and azoospermia was given 10 subcutaneous injections of 1 g gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogue (GnRH-A) per head at intervals of 3 days (Experiment 1), and 6 months after the final injection was given, 15 subcutaneous injections of 2 g GnRH-A were given at intervals of 2 days (Experiment 2). The plasma T level increased and peaked at 8 weeks after the first injection of GnRH-A in both Experiment 1 and Experiment 2. Motile sperm were detected in the semen collected 8 weeks and 7 weeks after the first injection in Experiment 1 and Experiment 2, respectively. The total number of sperm peaked 9 weeks after the first injection in both Experiment 1 (4.5  10 6 ) and Experiment 2 (72.8  10 6 ).

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“…EAO is not merely an experimental model because naturally occurring autoimmune orchitis has been documented in several species [5,141. Aspermatogenesis associated with some infer-…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adoptive Transfer of Murine Autoimmune Orchitis With Sperm-Specific T Lymphoblasts

Zhang

Wang

et al. 1990

Archives of Andrology

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A protocol was successfully developed for reproducibly transferring experimental autoimmune orchitis (EAO) to naive recipient mice with sperm-specific T lymphoblasts. Cell donors were Balb/c mice immunized about 12 days earlier with homologous epididymal sperm capacitated in vitro with complete Freund's adjuvant. Draining lymph node cells were collected and subjected to a second challenge with the same sperm antigen in vitro. Sperm-specific T lymphoblasts were isolated on Percoll density gradients and propagated in the presence of interleukin-2 for 3 days and then were transferred intraperitoneally to naive recipients. As few as 3 X 106 sperm-specific T lymphoblasts were able to transfer EAO, which began on day 7 as infiltration of lymphocytes and macrophages and on days 14 to 21 developed to degenerative changes of spermatids and exfoliation of germinal epithelium. These pathologic alterations resemble a delayed type of hypersensitivity. The results show that sensitized T lymphoblasts can mediate an antigen-specific, mononuclear cell-invasive lesion in autoimmune orchitis.

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Pathology and familial incidence of orchitis and its relation to thyroiditis in a closed beagle colony

Cited by 69 publications

References 10 publications

Effect of 131 I‐Induced Hypothyroidism on Indices of Reproductive Function in Adult Male Dogs

Effect of 131 I‐Induced Hypothyroidism on Indices of Reproductive Function in Adult Male Dogs

Changes in Plasma Testosterone Level and Semen Quality after Frequent Injections of GnRH Analogue in a Beagle Dog with Azoospermia

Adoptive Transfer of Murine Autoimmune Orchitis With Sperm-Specific T Lymphoblasts

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