Pathologisch-anatomische Untersuchungen über alkoholische Intoxikationsamblyopie

Retinotopic Organization and Functional Subdivisions of the Human Lateral Geniculate Nucleus: A High-Resolution Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study

“…Our measurements confirm and extend what is known about the human LGN by providing detail of its topographic organization and quantitative measures of magnification factors for polar angle and eccentricity. Until recently, the topography of the human LGN could only be studied through comparisons of clinical visual defects and cortical or retinal lesions to LGN degeneration observed postmortem (Rönne, 1910(Rönne, , 1913(Rönne, , 1914Mackenzie, 1934; Juba and The responses for three subsets of voxels within the left and right LGN are shown for the 100 and 10% contrast stimulus. The time series were averaged over the selected voxels within the LGN for each subject and over six to eight scanning runs, and then averaged over five subjects (S1-S4, S6) and temporally smoothed.…”

“…The layout of the representation of the visual field, however, is less well understood, because its study has historically been restricted to postmortem anatomical analyses of degeneration patterns after retinal or cortical lesions (Rönne, 1910;Juba and Szatmári, 1937;Kupfer, 1962;Hickey and Guillery, 1979). Here, we used high-resolution (1.5 ϫ 1.5 ϫ 2 mm 3 ) functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) at 3 T in humans to derive a detailed account of the retinotopic organization of the LGN, including estimates of the eccentricity magnification factor and of the visual field representation as a function of polar angle.…”

Tobacco-Alcohol Amblyopia

“…Some have main¬ tained that the retinal cells are affected primarily, and that the destruction of nerve fibers and the fibrosis are secondary mani¬ festations. 8,9 Others have contended that a noxious agent stimulates the overgrowth of fibrous septa of the optic nerves, to the point of destroying the nerve fibers.10 A third hypothesis places the primary pathological changes in the retro-orbital portions of the medullated nerve fibers.11"18 A comparison of the pathological changes in our case with those found in other diseases of the retina and optic nerves favors the last hypothesis.…”

Morphometric Examination of Human and Monkey Retinal Ganglion Cells Within the Papillomacular Area

“…8 It must be considered that regional variations in the distribution of cell types may account for the vulnerability of the central retinal projection 18 -23 , particularly in view of the evidence that in toxic amblyopia the parvicellular projection may be selectively vulnerable. 35,36 The difference in vulnerability between the PMA and other retinal projections in the form of centrocecal scotomas is not absolute but is of such a degree as to be clearly demonstrated in studies of advanced cases of toxic amblyopia in which autopsy of the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus has been performed. 35,36 In conclusion, to our knowledge, the present study shows for the first time that the RGCs of the PMB project their dendrites mostly in a perpendicular direction to their axons, which initially extend in a transverse direction.…”

“…35,36 The difference in vulnerability between the PMA and other retinal projections in the form of centrocecal scotomas is not absolute but is of such a degree as to be clearly demonstrated in studies of advanced cases of toxic amblyopia in which autopsy of the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus has been performed. 35,36 In conclusion, to our knowledge, the present study shows for the first time that the RGCs of the PMB project their dendrites mostly in a perpendicular direction to their axons, which initially extend in a transverse direction. Moreover, according to our findings, midget cells represent most of the RGCs in the PMA.…”